Wow, Geocities links. But the Buchenwald Memorial Foundation says two credible witnesses, Austrian prisoner Dr. Gustav Wegerer, who ran the infirmary, and Josef Ackermann, a political prisoner and secretary of the camp doctor, confirmed the existence of the lamp. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulff airplane factory was constructed at Stutthof. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. [17] Many died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944; those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. Stutthof was the first concentration camp the Nazis ever built outside of Germany's borders. [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. 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Many drowned along the way. from. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. When the Allies tried the perpetrators of the Holocaust after the end of the war, the public was surprised by the beastly behavior of female guards like Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, who often committed worse acts than their male counterparts. Your email address will not be published. It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). He added that his "work" had involved cleaning the crematorium, which meant loading bones and other burnt remains onto a cart to be thrown into a trench. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. To support our channel, please make sure to subscribe. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. The prisoners were mainly non-Jewish Poles. Read about our approach to external linking. More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. HAMBURG, Germany A German court on Thursday found a former Nazi SS camp guard guilty of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder and one case of accessory to attempted murder equal to the number. Even then, she continued kicking me, then walked away and left me there.. She died in 2000. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. At Auschwitz she would pick kids as pets, with one survivor recalling how she dressed one in fine clothing, parading it around like a puppet - only to send the child to the gas chamber when she got bored. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. 99 . How does climate change affect El Nino and La Nina cycles? [7], Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on 9 May 1945, rescuing about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide.[7]. Procesy", "KARA MIERCI W GDASKU 19451987 Encyklopedia Gdaska". Thanks, Max the link is fixed in the entry now as well. PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. In September 1939, the Germans established the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof (Sztutowo), a town about 22 miles east of Danzig (Gdansk). Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp[6] under the Danzig police chief, before its subsequent massive expansion. As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. Naley odnotowa, e prowadzone w latach 20022006 przez Oddziaow Komisj cigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Gdasku ledztwo potwierdzio, e w Instytucie Anatomicznym produkowano w czasie wojny mydo z tuszczu ludzkiego, wprawdzie nie na skal przemysow, jednak do celw uytkowych, translated: One should note that the investigation carried out in the years 20022006 by the District Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation in Gdask (Oddziaowa Komisja cigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Gdasku) proved that during the war soap from human fat was manufactured at the Anatomical Institute. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. Nicknamed 'Beautiful Spectre', she was infamous for her brutal treatment of the prisoners. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. All those who worked in it were. A former SS guard at a concentration camp, charged with aiding and abetting hundreds of murders, is standing trial in Mnster's district court. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. Barkmann was sentenced to hang, along with ten other defendants. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). She committed suicide in 1967. 2023.02.28. That same summer, Irmgard Furchner had begun working in the camp commander's headquarters as a shorthand typist. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . Holocaust survivor Abraham Koryski gave evidence in court on Monday, detailing the horrors he and other inmates endured at the Stutthoff concentration camp in the final years of World War II. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. Not all the female guards were monsters - with many sharing food and clothing with inmates at considerable risk to themselves. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. She earned a horrific legacy and nickname despite only working for a year. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. Efraim Zuroff is the Center's "Nazi Hunter-in-Chief." He defended the need to prosecute such crimes more than seventy years after the event, saying "The passage of time in no way . This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . Stutthof was the first Nazi concentration camp to be established on Polish soil, and the last to be dissolved, it grew from 4 to 120 hectares, from 250 prisoners to a maximum of 52,000 prisoners at one time, the SS staff and guards numbered 1,056 on 1 January 1945. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. Camp doctors also killed sick or injured prisoners in the infirmary with lethal injections. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Irmgard Furchner, a stenographer and typist for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp in modern-day Poland, was accused of being a key member of a death camp that murdered. When is Eurovision and how do you get tickets? Two weeks later, on September 15th 1939 . "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. A 99-year-old who was being investigated on suspicion of complicity in murder as a former Nazi camp guard has died, ending the case against him, German prosecutors said Tuesday. Required fields are marked *. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. When the guilty verdict came in, she declared, Life is indeed a pleasure, and pleasures are usually short.. Ten were sentenced to death. The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp under the Danzig police chief. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Among these sites was the Stutthof camp. The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. Execution of Stutthof concentration camp overseers at Biskupia Grka. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. The 99-year-old, who has not been identified, is thought to have worked as a guard at the Ravensbrck concentration camp between 1943 and 1945, authorities said. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. Here we look at the horrendous role these guards - known as Aufseherins, or female overseers - played during the War. In another cruel punishment - known as making sport - she ordered prisoners to strip before making them perform strenuous exercise in full view of other prisoners, before being beaten. She kicked me so hard that I fell. After evading capture for a few months, she was recognized and arrested in May 1945. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? Numbers []. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. She was also notorious for beating inmates unconscious, often with a rubber truncheon, and she once pushed an old lady down a flight of stairs, killing her instantly. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. The Stutthof concentration camp in Poland. The selection process for these guards was lax. In total, 23,566 Jews (including 21,817 women) were transferred to Stutthof from Auschwitz, and 25,053 (including 16,123 women) from camps in the Baltic states. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. PD-Polish Public Domain. Luxury Car Tours. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. 2023 BBC. [citation needed] Until 1942, nearly all of the prisoners were Polish. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. [3] Gassing with Zyklon B began in June 1944. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp (like Dachau), administered by the German Security Police. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. The major subcamps were in Toru (Thorn) and in Elblg (Elbing). Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. On one occasion, she selected 1,100 of 1,400 prisoners present to be sent to their deaths. Bruno Dey, a teenager at the time in question, was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder. English: Execution of Stutthof concentration campoverseers at Biskupia Grka(from left to right): Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaffand Gerda Steinhoff, further the guard SS-OberscharfhrerJohann Pauls(the chief of the work detail "Waldkolonne") and Polish kapos Date 4 July 1946 Source "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. Former Stutthof SS guard Bruno Dey, now 93, is standing trial in Germany, charged as an accessory to the murder of 5,230 Jews from 1944 to 1945. . National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. Stutthof concentration camps women forced labor death marches. She then ordered her dog, known as the big, bad, wolfhound to attack the sick girl, who was sitting on the ground, She later died from the bites. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. I PROMISE. In July, Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at Stutthof was convicted of aiding in the murder of 5,230 people, most of them Jews. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware. Several thousand prisoners were directed towards the nearby Baltic coast and hundreds were forced into the sea and shot. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. [39] On 28 September 2021, Frau Furchner left her home in Hamburg and failed to show for her hearing, she was captured on 30 September 2021 and the hearing was rescheduled for 19 October 2021. In the last year of the Second World War, Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was a young SS-guard in the German concentration camp Stutthof. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. This blog has been around for a while. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. She was 36. BERLIN (AP) A 92-year-old former SS private will go on trial this fall in Germany on 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder, accused of helping the Nazis' Stutthof concentration camp Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. The trial lasted from March 18, 1946 to May 13, 1946. Loved seeing the nazi scum hanging,i hope they suffered a long agonising death. Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. Now 97, she has been found guilty of aiding and abetting the murders of more than 10,500 detainees. It was also surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fence and contained thirty new barracks, raising the total area to 1.2 square kilometres (0.46sqmi). you are right, they should have been soaked in gasoline and torched right before they were hanged. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. Found guilty by a British Military Tribunal, she was sentenced to death and hanged on December 13 1945, aged 52. The womans face became swollen and blue.. In 1944 she became a guard at the Stutthof Concentration camp. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. The number of inmates increased considerably in 1944, with Jews forming a significant proportion of the newcomers. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Situated near Sztutowo, a small town about. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. Nevertheless, Pauly was executed in 1946. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; nineteen were found guilty, and one was acquitted. In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. Koryski was taken from Lithuania to Stutthofin 1944, when he was 16 years old. There were also Polish Jews from Warsaw and Bialystok, and Jews from forced-labor camps in the occupied Baltic states, which the Germans evacuated in 1944 as Soviet forces approached. . Key and copyright. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Dave, Prisoners sent straight to gas chambers didn't receive anything. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. In 1943, the Nazis began drafting women because of the shortage of guards. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. [14] In July 2020, he was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder by the Hamburg state court, and was also convicted of one count of accessory to attempted murder. Herta Bothe was a Nazi concentration camp guard at Ravensbrck-stutthof and Bergen-Belsen. [41], In 1999, Artur mijewski filmed a group of nude people playing tag in one of the Stutthof gas chambers, sparking outrage.[42][43][44]. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware.. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. [7], In 1942 the first German female SS Aufseherinnen guards arrived at Stutthof along with female prisoners. Other witnesses said she beat women to death with wooden sticks and shot at women who were too slow when carrying heavy containers of food. The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. The Stutthof concentration camp was established by Nazi Germany near the village of the same name, now called Sztutowo and located in Poland's Pomeranian Voivodeship, on 2nd September 1939. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. The camp staff consisted of SS guards and, after 1943, Ukrainian auxiliaries. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. Other inmates labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. Stutthof female SS guards trial.jpg 1,209 799; 294 KB Wanda Klaff (cropped).jpg 232 345; 39 KB Categories: Executions of individuals consequent to Nazism Female guards in Nazi concentration camps Stutthof concentration camp Gallows in Poland Biskupia Grka Gdask in the 1940s 1946-07-04 Public execution Non-topical/index: