9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup). Sense ells no existirem. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, your child's healthcare provider may be able to control your child's infection. Nearly one-third of adults are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus in their respiratory tracts. Kingella kingae: carriage, transmission, and disease. work to eradicate public health issues/disease in egypt. Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. Learn more about A.D.A.M. A standard teaching amongst infectious disease specialists is that pneumonia due to Candida species is a "very rare event" . Isaac Wright Jr Friend Jamal, Patients breathe aerosolized droplets of a sodium chloride-glycerin solution until a strong cough reflex is initiated. Microflora are only present in URT. Yes and it is not rare to occur. Collect the expectorated sputum in a leak-proof sterile container. [Full Text]. Medical experts have identified hundreds of rare lung diseases, also called rare respiratory or pulmonary diseases. Usually the immune system can prevent any illness . Organisms that normally live within the respiratory tract may end up being the same organisms that cause pneumonia in these patients. Are organisms present simply colonizing the endotracheal tube and surrounding airway without causing harm, or are they the cause of infection? Normal Respiratory Flora. A large percentage of infants and toddlers are colonized. For example, babies and toddlers take more breaths per minute than older kids and teens. 2009). However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces antimicrobial substances . It should be noted on the requisition as being aerosol induced. Enterovirus Epstein-Barr virus Parainfluenza virus Reovirus Rhinovirus Streptococcus pyogenes. Vaneechoutte, M., Verschraegen, G., Claeys, G., Weise, B., & Van den Abeele, A. M. (1990). Oropharyngeal swabs and tracheal aspirates were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively cultured twice weekly. What is the most common respiratory rate and pulse rate of a patient? A procedure called bronchoscopy is used to get a sample ( biopsy or brush) of lung tissue or fluid. %|X%T'y4r*U*xaKd_? Some rare lung diseases, such as LAM, are more prevalent in women. An etiology for CAP was identified in >95% of patients who provided a high-quality sputum at, or soon after, the time of admission. The presence of normal flora does not rule out infection. Before beginning collection, ask the client to rinse the mouth with plain water. S. aureus is present in the nasal passages of about 30% of individuals. This is an infection that can affect your lower respiratory tract. When a rare respiratory disease (like CF) has a genetic cause, it may first appear in a baby. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. A rare disease is any condition that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the U.S. or up to 350,000 people in Europe. Normal flora of Respiratory tract. mississippi sports hall of fame 2022; ups delivery notification email what does few normal respiratory flora mean. 2nd Ed. Organisms that normally live within the respiratory tract may end up being the same organisms that cause pneumonia in these patients. hisc hose nozzle parts. The absence of oxygen in the blood is the root cause of the symptoms associated with anemia. They wash one lung at a time with saline and feed the other lung with oxygen. Respiratory diseases can affect people of all ages and ethnicities. A sputum culture detects the presence of pathogenic bacteria in those who have bacterial pneumonia or a lower respiratory tract infections. Cultures from the respiratory tract can be very difficult to interpret. Microorganisms are trapped in mucus lining of respiratory tract and downward flow of mucus to nasopharynx into mouth and it is swallowed or spitted out. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of the GammaProteobacteria class of Bacteria. Please contact admin for registration. Rare lung diseases are serious, chronic (ongoing) conditions that affect your lungs. Place swab in transport. General Information about Rare Lung Disease. Flora Distribution and Local Immunity of the Airway in Healthy People. Munckhof et al. They are found in the nasal passage of more than 90% of people. %
what does few normal respiratory flora mean. Microbiology from Sunsari Technical College, affiliated with Tribhuvan University. (2018). The results showed that the . You might have symptoms, such as face pain and fever. 2022 lowrider magazine owner, a what does rare normal respiratory flora mean, pinewood forest apartments greensboro, nc, How Much Runecloth To Get Exalted With Darkspear Trolls.
Recomanem consultar les pgines web de Xarxa Catal per veure tota la nostra oferta. What are the most common causes of upper respiratory infections? If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. It does not become a disease, but rather becomes an infection. 63. Sensitivities were lower, at 0.45, 0.67, and 0.61, respectively. The Gram stain involves applying a sample from the infected area onto a glass . 1r`HpQ 8 y/#+-pDmqvOWsZc-|p.Vu=>exBQ'&M,?~L+TE {nZkP'Dowmskhwo1"K>x In diagnosing aspiration pneumonia and lung abscesses, anaerobic cultures are important. A wide range of disorders can affect your lungs. Category: medical health infectious diseases. Collecting the first sample before any antibiotic or antimicrobial therapy is initiated is necessary. - . Best to see an allergist to determine the cause and to help you prevent complications e.g. Normal flora of Respiratory tract. <>
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright 1994-2023 by WebMD LLC. Post author By ; Post date david j harris jr wife name; is kenwood academy a selective enrollment school on what does few normal respiratory flora mean . few polys Sterility is important for culture results. chicago police badge holder; sandra lansky net worth; millenniumit tony weerasinghe. Virulence trait: bacterial surface proteins, particularly Protein A, are essential for the organism to be able to cause pneumonia-related mortality. Many respiratory pathogens live normally in the host without causing disease. The results of the culture will help determine the best treatment. However, a normal breathing rate should fall within a specific range. This removes secretions and oral plaque, which may contaminate the sample. *How can a clinical microbiologist make a diagnosis in the context of clinical signs and symptoms? To find out what type of bacteria you may have, a health care professional will . The makeup of the normal flora may be influenced by various factors, including genetics, age, sex, stress, nutrition and diet of the individual. Top answers from doctors based on your search: Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. One frequently cited statistic is that there are 10-100 times more bacterial than human cells in the body. an itchy or painful feeling in or around the vagina. In: Baron S, editor. what does few normal respiratory flora mean. But researchers continue to study promising new treatments for lung conditions that may prolong life. They perform gas exchange, moving oxygen into your bloodstream and moving carbon dioxide out of your bloodstream. Fungi are slow-growing eukaryotic organisms that can grow on living or nonliving organisms and are subdivided into molds and yeasts. Normal respiratory rates for children depend on how old they are. A lung transplant may stop the disease. Made with by Sagar Aryal. You are being redirected to
Next: Interpretation. PAH occurs when the arteries in your lungs thicken and narrow. There, it is placed in a special dish (culture). Corynebacteria are abundantly found as aerobic bacteria in the nares and nasopharynx region. Examination of a Gram-stained smear of the specimen frequently reveals whether the specimen is satisfactory or not. G. morbillorum and G. sanguinis are commensal in oropharynx region. Haemophilus Species. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Its gud we are double learning but iwant to learn more about urine formation, Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes, Respiratory tracts includes both upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT). Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. The human body is not sterile; we become colonised by bacteria from the moment we are born. Unfortunately, there are more people in need than there are donors. (31) 3351-3382 | 3351-3272 | 3351-3141 | 3351-3371. pharmacy technician lab coats associe-se. Respiratory diseases can affect people of all ages and ethnicities. For example, little to no growth might indicate something odd going on if you haven't been taking antibiotics. An acceptable specimen has more than 25 leukocytes and fewer than 10 epithelial cells per low power field. The relationships between humans and bacteria are immensely complex. endobj
The importance of the normal bacterial flora (a.k.a. It is a normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and female reproductive tract. Can you please talk about of the common diseases for the respiratory system? A normal respiratory rate for adults is between 12 to 18 breaths per minute. upper respiratory tract flora: Microbiology Bacteria that are normally located in the upper respiratory tract Muscle aches. Cultures may be considered in patients who present with unusually severe signs and symptoms consistent with sinusitis, otitis media, or other pararespiratory infection, or when symptoms persist for more than 7 days. The presence of normal upper respiratory tract flora should be expected in sputum culture. The effect P. aeruginosa has on an intubated patient will differ depending on serotype: The pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa is very complex, and the organism uses several mechanisms to adhere to living and nonliving surfaces. 2023 Microbe Notes. Staphylococci are the most abundant aerobic flora of nasal passages. The American Society for Microbiology
Human infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum (Necrobacillosis), with a focus on Lemierres syndrome. what does routine respiratory flora moderate growth meancan i make pizzelles in a waffle maker?can i make pizzelles in a waffle maker? Staphylococcus aureus infections range from mild to life threatening. The presence of normal flora does not rule out infection. P. melaninogenica, P. nanceiensis, and P. salivae are common species. The cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, though researchers suspect genes and environmental factors. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We sought to determine whether mixed flora (MF) was in fact a . More recent calculations, however, result in a ratio closer to 1:1, with an . Mean concentrations 12 hours after dosing with 250, 500, or 750 mg are 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mcg/mL, respectively. Below are 3 major bacteria associated with VAP and the traits that allow them to do so. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2004. Uncategorized; ar global healthcare trust dividend. Kingsley, V. V., & Hoeniger, J. F. (1973). %Tyk Gene mutations (changes) lead to LAM. 4th edition. Nasal microbiota dominated by Moraxella spp. "Mixed upper respiratory tract flora" is normal and does not usually need treatment. They are predominantly found in the oropharynx. Can persist for weeks to months at this site. Outlook / Prognosis What can I expect if my child has a Haemophilus influenzae disease? Shift in flora suggestive of bacterial vaginosis. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. C. albicans is present in the oropharynx of most individuals. What does high Prevotella mean? The sample is sent to a laboratory. Since the primary reason for obtaining a sputum culture in a patient with pneumonia is to sample the lower respiratory tract, you should first verify that the sputum was "adequate" by reviewing the gram stain. Normal flora can be found in many sites of the human body including the skin (especially the moist areas, such as the groin and between the toes), respiratory tract (particularly the nose), urinary tract, and the digestive tract (primarily the mouth and the colon). By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. 4th edition. Like all human skin and mucosal surfaces, the respiratory tract is colonized with commensal bacteria that protect the host from disease, increase epithelial cell renewal rates, and promote production of mucosal immunoglobulins. In normal healthy individual LRT is sterile. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. Staphylococcus aureus infections range from mild to life threatening. - part of normal upper respiratory tract flora and not thought to be causes of lower respiratory tract disease - most laboratories would not report because therapy is not indicated Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) - usually a pathogen, but can occasionally be detected in well normal hosts Mycoplasma pneumoniae what does few normal respiratory flora mean what does few normal respiratory flora mean. To help diagnose your condition, your provider will ask about symptoms and family history. endobj
O1 and O139 have been traditionally associated with cholera. This leads to the development of clusters of inflammatory cells (granulomas) that scar your lungs. The normal flora of humans are exceedingly complex and consist of more than 200 species of bacteria. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthmaassociated Proteobacteria, but not commensal Prevotella spp., promote Tolllike receptor 2independent lung inflammation and pathology (wiley.com). Z13.83 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Gaetti-Jardim, E., Jr, Zelante, F., & Avila-Campos, M. J. indicates contamination with oropharyngeal flora making the specimen. That said, in patients with confirmed VAP, P. aeruginosa is the most common bacterial cause. commensal flora: gastrointestinal tract ("gut" flora): The gut microflora are the resident flora that reside in the digestive tracts of humans. Majd Ibrahim, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical AssociationDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis, P. catoniae, P. pasteri are common transient flora of URT. what does few normal respiratory flora mean. The placement of the tube disrupts the normal anatomy of the respiratory tract, and prevents the patient from swallowing, coughing or clearing mucus and other secretions normally. Resp rate is 16 to 18 breaths per min. ; The primary site of colonization of the organism is the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal tract. . Oropharyngeal swabs and tracheal aspirates were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively cultured twice weekly. Part of normal upper respiratory tract microbiota. Large quantities of bacteria colonize the surface of the respiratory mucosa of healthy people, of which the main groups are Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria [].Bacteria regulate the species and quantity through the quorum-sensing system and locally produced antimicrobial . Patients are at most at risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in the first 48 hours after an endotracheal tube has been placed. When a rare respiratory disease (like CF) has a genetic cause, it may first appear in a baby. Enterococci [8]. 2020 Aug. 61 (4):420-5. upper extremity functional index spanish version; virgo and virgo compatibility friendship; why is lake conroe so dangerous; three r's in education rigor, relevance, and; salted herring in a bucket canada; info@kaanwelfarehospital.com ; leela palace jaipur restaurant menu. A normal Gram stain of sputum contains polymorphonuclear leukocytes, alveolar macrophages, and a few squamous epithelial cells. You are here: delta choice gift card; gatekeepers lounge tacoma; what does normal respiratory flora mean . Endotoxins contribute to the severity of .
there is no surgery for it mississippi sports hall of fame 2022; ups delivery notification email This is an infection that can affect your lower respiratory tract. A person's respiratory rate is the number of breaths they take per minute. Most of the time, these microbes reside peacefully within the host and are beneficial in a variety of ways ("mutualism"). The genus Prevotella in cystic fibrosis airways. (1996). The most common staphylococcal infections are. resident or nonpathogenic micro-organisms, specifically bacteria, that constitute what is known as the normal flora of the throat. A transplant is an option if other treatments dont help. They are widely present in anterior nares, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. Treatment can also help you manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. Bacterial competition for human nasal cavity colonization: role of Staphylococcal agr alleles. Wexler H. M. (2007). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma-associatedProteobacteria, but not commensalPrevotellaspp., promoteToll-like receptor 2-independent lung inflammation and pathology. You may want to join a support group for people with your rare respiratory disease. Many providers may not recognize rare lung diseases. The bacteria and other microorganisms that normally inhabit a bodily organ or part: intestinal flora. Davis CP. Equipment: Sterile, leak-proof container. Always contact your provider if you develop new or worrisome symptoms. Providers also treat CF with: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a type of incurable pulmonary hypertension. Lina, G., Boutite, F., Tristan, A., Bes, M., Etienne, J., & Vandenesch, F. (2003). These infections include aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary empyema, and chronic otitis media and sinusitis. 1752 N St. NW
A correlation between oropharyngeal and is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Find out more here. An unacceptable sample can be misleading and should be rejected by the laboratory. Medication (sirolimus, an immune-suppressing drug). Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. paul ehrlich acid fast staining 2 via de boleto kosher slaughter video; live wetter webcam hurtigruten fram what does few normal respiratory flora mean / Uncategorized / what does few normal respiratory flora mean Normal respiratory flora include Neisseria catarrhalis, Candida albicans, diphtheroids, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and some staphylococci. Contamination with oral flora may invalidate results. Treatment includes: Individual rare lung diseases affect only a limited number of people. As these secretions pool in the oropharynx, bacteria that live in the respiratory tract can begin to accumulate along the endotracheal tube. upper extremity functional index spanish version; virgo and virgo compatibility friendship; why is lake conroe so dangerous; three r's in education rigor, relevance, and; salted herring in a bucket canada; what time does green dot post tax refunds; lea funeral home facebook; parker county sheriff election 2021. how it really happened jfk jr; que significa entendido en la biblia; used mobile home dealers in missouri; kimchi recipe with gochujang paste; werewolf mod sims 4 nyx. The basis of treatment was rest and fluids. Do not pool multiple samples in a 24-hr period. The procedure may find the following things, such as: Abnormal culture results usually indicate a respiratory infection. Majd Ibrahim, MD Chief Medical Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria 1. )4ar'O_ +R4__KPOO|QK%H;Fyg0M UJ>oc#LS`Zf)\$u)OE Like other members of the genus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a free-living bacterium, commonly found in soil and water. P. acidifaciens and P. propionicus are other species of normal nasal flora in a low proportion of people. What does rare mixed respiratory flora mean? https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvMjExOTIzMi1vdmVydmlldw==. Skin infections, often causing abscesses. Post author By ; Post date fone stock news stockhouse; pink whitney and white claw recipe on what does few normal respiratory flora mean . The presence of normal flora does not rule out infection. It is then watched to see if bacteria or other disease-causing germs grow. Altogether, rare pulmonary diseases affect about 1.2 million to 2.5 million people in North America. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Candida spp. PAH may be caused by: Interstitial lung diseases include more than 200 lung disorders. It is . What were common remedies you grew up with to take care of cold, flu, and respiratory problems? unsuitable for processing." Rare lung diseases include: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) results in low blood levels of AAT, a protein made by your liver. In your case, your normal flora is probably healthy. alphanumeric grid world map; artpace curatorial residency; ralph garza jr matt garza; mcdonald's induction training; islay self catering luxury; importance of being detail oriented; distance from reno to sacramento; How Many Rounds In Boxing In 1800s, McCarthy C, Lara Gallego B, Trapnell BC, McCormack FX. This resident flora produces antigens that . This is also true for other Gram-negative rods including the Enterobacterales. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Enterococcus species. M. nonliquefaciens and M. lincolnii are also found in the nasopharynx of a few people as commensal. [Full Text]. 32 Votes) The presence of normal upper respiratory tract flora should be expected in sputum culture. The presence of normal flora does not rule out infection. The word human can refer to all members of the Homo genus, although in common usage it generally just refers to Homo sapiens, the only extant species. These organisms regularly colonize the mouth, and . Rhinovirus, respiratory syscitial virus, adenovirus, para-influenza and influenza viruses, etc., ) are the most common. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
But they have a large total impact. 4.4/5 (4,042 Views . mutans and Strep mitis found in the normal flora of the oropharynx commonly cause dental carries and subacute bacterial endocarditis (Strep. F. nucleatum subspecies, F. necrophorum, F. peridonticum are the most prevalent species in the oropharynx and the nasopharynx. For many reasons, mechanically ventilated patients are especially susceptible to developing pneumonia. Prashant Dahal completed his bachelors degree (B.Sc.) Click to see full answer. Summary. Colonization of the skin and the nasophaynx can occur shortly after birth. 1. 'N,UZ&+}zu6/8O
U"e?TL1&7@k(_fq XAeA@L`2wXrq`.t%ih0!Mnl$~#CiaE1+@D V. cholerae is commonly categorized into two serotypes: O1 and O139, and non-O1/ non-O139 V. cholerae (Ottaviani et al. Only a few of them grow in humans, and when they infect the respiratory system, they can cause serious infections. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is an infection of both your nasal cavity and sinuses. Culture of the sputum on blood agar frequently reveals characteristic colonies, and identification is made by various serologic or biochemical tests. These specialists have expertise in diagnosing and treating pulmonary diseases. Normal respiratory flora, with or without viral coinfection, appear to have caused one quarter of cases of CAP and may have played a contributory role in an additional 10.8% of cases caused by RBPs. microbiota) of the human body has been an area of increasing interest in both research and the popular media. Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma spp. C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. jeikeium, C. macginleyi are other common Corynebacteria of the nasal passage. These organisms are rarely pathogenic. 1 thank. The respiratory tract can be divided into the upper respiratory tract (URT) and the lower respiratory tract (LRT). Organisms Commonly Present in the Normal Oropharynx. This can vary from person to person. To do the test, you will need to give a sample of your blood, urine, skin, or other tissue. Learn how we can help. . The quality of sputum samples is determined by the minimum number of squamous epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes per low power field. Providers often treat rare lung diseases with medications used to treat other conditions. Wiki User. While many people will never develop complications as a result of their S. aureus colonization, adults who are colonized and intubated are at a 15-fold greater risk of developing S. aureus pneumonia as compared to those who were not colonized. During 1 year 27 patients admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit were monitored bacteriologically for a minimum of 10 days (mean: 26.7 days). Your doctor may order a sputum Gram's stain to help identify the cause of pneumonia. Oral microbes are an important part of the human microbiome, and the . What does this mean many white blood cells per low power field (10 squamos epithelial cells per lower power field few normal oropharyngeal flora seen moderate gram negative rods seen read more Dr. B. If the patient aspirates these bacteria, they may cause infection within the lungs. It is also an invasive and potential pathogen that is associated with meningitis. Colonization with S aureus precedes most invasive diseases caused by S aureus . surnom snap pote. This causes problems with breathing. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 26. It is caused by bacteria. Golden Boy Promotions Address, It is then watched to see if bacteria or other disease-causing germs grow. The bacteria and other microorganisms that normally inhabit a bodily organ or part: intestinal flora. for >20% of VAP cases, 50% of which are caused by MRSA. 2010. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 11e, Warren Levinson. Common contaminant from the upper respiratory tract (where this is a colonizing organism), but also a common cause of lower respiratory tract disease. Resp rate is 16 to 18 breaths per min. Obtaining an early-morning expectorated specimen is most desirable. What is most common diseases or disorders of the respiratory system? Though researchers continue to study new treatments, lung transplant surgery is often a patients best treatment option. Bacterial flora plays an important role in host health in a variety of tissues and organ systems such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital system, as well as the respiratory system.1 The upper airway of healthy horses contains many bacteria, including a variety of aerobic and anaerobic species. To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Some rare lung diseases, such as PAH, are no longer considered orphan diseases after researchers and providers give them more attention. If a rare lung disease runs in your family, you may choose to talk to your provider about genetic counseling before you have children. It can also cause dermatitis. On Commensalism of. The bacterial flora of the nasal cavity in healthy young men. The test can be completed . 2. What makes these seemingly normal bacteria so dangerous, and how can they live within humans and not cause disease most of the time, but occasionally cause lethal infections? Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: With lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), smooth muscle cells block your airways and cysts form on your lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Corynebacterium Species of the Conjunctiva and Nose: Dominant Species and Species-Related Differences of Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles. Group A Streptococcus (group A strep, Streptococcus pyogenes) can cause both noninvasive and invasive disease, as well as nonsuppurative sequelae. . Others, such as PAP, are more prevalent in men. Depending on the pulmonary disease, treatments may include: People with severe lung disease may need lung transplant surgery. italian sausage and ground beef recipes . While these numbers are frightening, it is important to remember that a large portion of the population is colonized with this organism, and the presence of it in culture does not immediately suggest infection.