I showed the issue to our other senior editor, Michael Bakich. Its something like planning a vacation trip. The fact that the entire incident hinges on a map drawn under less than normal circumstances certainly keeps us from drawing a firm conclusion. Located just 4.2 light years from Earth, Proxima Centauri is the nearest member of a triple star system. But the main ingredient in a life-bearing planet is its star. Someday, perhaps soon, we will know. But northeast is a bonanza: Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York, and more. [5] This likely puts them outside the thick disk population of stars. For most of that time, the planet. On September 20, 1996, a hot Jupiter (a gas giant with a short orbital period) with 27% of Jupiters mass was reported to be orbiting Zeta2 Reticuli at a distance of 0.14 astronomical units with an orbital period of 18.9 days. Bob Lazar has been proven correct now US government has the masses brainwashed he a conman and Zeta Reticuli star system exists in Reticulum constellation. It seems unlikely. Betty, a social worker, asks advice from a psychiatrist friend. Stars of class F4 or higher have stable burning periods of less than 3.5 billion years. The two stars are known as Zeta 1 and Zeta 2 Reticuli, or together as simply Zeta Reticuli. In 1994, the U.S. Air Force stated that it was really a covert Air Force surveillance balloon. Zeta Reticuli is located in the constellation Reticulum. What are those other stars like? From the southern hemisphere the pair can be seen as a naked eye double star in very dark skies. What better time to share a silly tale of alien abduction, and bad journalism, than Halloween? Image here https://youtu.be/Jl1pVatXwbU?t=162. With a surface temperature of 5,861 K, it has 97.2% of the Suns luminosity. They concur with Simon's belief that there seems to be no evidence of outright fabrication or lying. Based on what we discussed earlier it follow that their sun would be on our list if it were within 55 light-years of us. Zeta Reticuli has been featured in numerous works of fiction. In literature, the star system was referenced in the novels Forty Thousand in Gehenna (1983) by C. J. Cherryh and Silicon Embrace (1996) by John Shirley. So I guess most of you will probably know of Bob Lazar and his story regarding working at Area 51 in the 1980's, which is pretty fascinating stuff for anyone into 'the great beyond'. Acheron (LV-426), the colony where the films are set, is one of the three moons orbiting Caparon. Steggert zeroed in on possibly the only real bone of contention that anyone has had with Marjorie Fish's interpretation: The data on some of the stars may not be accurate enough for us to make definitive conclusions. It would be a waste of exploration time if we zipped randomly from one star to another. Accepting Doles further trimming, we are left with single, non-variable stars from F8 through all the Gs to K1? Stood out a mile to me but my IQ did have me down as a visual analyst I guess. (No planets have been discovered around either star. The sun rotates once in just under a month, but 60 percent of the stars in the FO to F4 range rotate much faster. The U.S. government attributed the incident to a weather balloon. (Most of Van de Kamps later career was spent fighting back against those who said hed determined the Barnards Star planets in error. It would come through tiny hunts for a needle in a haystack, the distant, minute hum of a radio signal not of natural origin. The star system appears as a double star in good conditions, with clear, dark skies and no light pollution. These stars quite likely have planets. The scientific director of the U. S. Naval Observatory, K. A. Strand, is among the world's foremost authorities on stellar distances for nearby stars. "Gliese added other criteria to compensate and lessen the possible errors," he says. It is a great example of the kind of astonishing discoveries that result from co-operation between large teams of astronomers using . For a planet to be in the habitable zone of Zeta2 Reticuli, it would need to orbit at a distance of 1 astronomical unit (Earth-Sun distance), which would give it an orbital period of a little more than a year. 3.84), Epsilon Reticuli (mag. The two stars, Zeta 1 (1) Reticuli and Zeta 2 (2) Reticuli are located just over 39 lightyears from Earth and are separated from each other by a distance of at least 3,750 Astronomical Units (AU), where 1 AU is the average distance between Earth and the Sun. The Zeta Reticuli system consists of two yellow main sequence stars of the spectral types G3-5V and G2V. Or would the pattern become distorted? are the "hub" of exploration or, in the context of the incident, the aliens' home base. But then, we don't even know for certain if there is anybody at all out there anywhere -despite the Hill map and pronouncements of the most respected scientists. Most habitable zone planets discovered so far have been short period planets around M-dwarfs.) The first target is Tau Ceti, 12 light-years distant and seen in this rendering just to the right of the craft's spherical living quarters. [11] Two possible explanations are: during the star's formation it underwent multiple intense bursts of mass accretion from a rapidly rotating protostellar cloud, or else the star underwent rotational mixing brought on by a period of rapid rotation during the star's youth. Betty Hills star map was definitively dismissed in the 1990s, when the Hipparcos satellite data showed that some of the stars in Fishs interpretation of the map were located at much greater distances than previously believed, while subsequent studies revealed that other stars included by Fish were unlikely to host life. Further elimination is necessary according to the catalogs. Reticulum constellation map by IAU and Sky&Telescope magazine. And watch out for low-flying spacecraft. elizabeth baptist church pastor oliver. 3.33), Beta Reticuli (mag. Now we are ready to plan the trip. (It sounds very much like a reflective hologram.) We cant take each star in order or we would be darting all over the sky. Stanton T. Friedman, a nuclear physicist and the nation's only space scientist devoting full time to researching the UFO phenomenon, has spent many hours in conversation with the Hills. Even American astrophysicists Carl Sagan and Steven Soter chimed in, saying that the map was an arbitrary alignment of points. One star that should be there ( Zeta Tucanae ) is missing probably because it is behind Zeta 1 Reticuli at the required viewing angle. The viewing angle is from a point In space beyond that limit looking back toward the sun. Tau Ceti has a planet of limited habitability. I Just thought there was a little synchronicity going on as I had Reddit up with NMS and had a Lazar video going in the background talking about ZR. Very young stars have the beryllium they were born with and, as they get to an older age, they destroy up to 85% of their beryllium. (This catalog is often called the Gliese catalog pronounced glee-see after its principal author, Wilhelm Gliese.) A short time later a UFO group leaks a distorted version of the story to the press and the whole, thing blows up. This means astronomers have observed variations of at least a few percent in the star's light output. The map material was flat and thin (not a model), and there were no noticeable lenticular lines like one of our three- dimensional processes. Saunders, who has developed a monumental computerized catalog of more than 60,000 UFO sightings, tells us that the Hill case is not unique in its general characteristics -there are other known cases of alleged communication with extraterrestrials. Introduction. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. ", "The derivation of the base data by hypnotic techniques is perhaps not as 'far out' as it may seem," says Stanton Friedman. It travels around one of the stars in the system at a distance that's about twice that of the Sun and Pluto, an incredibly wide orbit that lasts 550 Earth-years. This led to the establishment of the exchange program. Checking further we find that all but two of the stars in the Fish pattern are on the table of nearby solar type stars. Lets assume, just as anastronomical exercise, that the mapdoesshow the sun and the star that is the sun to the humanoids. Now we are ready to return to the map drawn by Betty Hill. In the second case, they had high rotational velocities in their youth and underwent rotational mixing, with a radial flow of mass transporting angular momentum and chemical composition. The stars have apparent magnitudes of 5.52 (Zeta1) and 5.22 (Zeta2) and are visible without binoculars from areas without light pollution. The sun is a main sequence star along with most of the other stars in this part of the Milky Way galaxy. Fish later believed her work was in error. This point of view is shared by Jeffrey L. Kretsch, an undergraduate student who is working under the advisement of J. Allen Hynek at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill. Like Steggert, he too checked Marjorie Fish's pattern and found no error in the work. Mitchell noted an important and previously unknown fact first pointed out by Ms. He claimed other planets that have never been confirmed.). "Several police departments around the country use hypnosis on rape victims in order to get descriptions of the assailants descriptions that would otherwise remain repressed. Admittedly this is based on our one example of intelligent life us. Although the Hills didn't, several people have lost their jobs after being associated with similarly unusual publicity. In these observations, no significant flux has been detected around 2, showing that the alleged debris disk is not real, but rather a case of background confusion. Im going to run this for Halloween, I told our mild mannered senior editor Rich Talcott. Based upon parallax measurements, this system is located at a distance of about 39.3 light-years (12 parsecs) from Earth. Did they visit Earth in 1961? Its a good tale of hokum that went awry. ), The 16 stars in the stellar configuration discovered by Marjorie Fish are compared with the map drawn by Betty Hill in the diagram on page 7. His standing in the scientific community was deeply damaged by his UFO advocacy.) Main sequence stars are basically like the sun but differ in small, but important ways. Two other exoplanet relatives were discovered orbiting the dwarf star earlier: Proxima b, with a mass similar to Earth's that completes an orbit in the habitable zone every 11 days, and Proxima c, which is in a five-year orbit. We are forced to "scratch" all stars suspected or proven to be variable. The map indicates that the Sun has been "visited occasionally". 4.71), Iota Reticuli (mag. And almost all A stars are rapid rotators too. ZR3 is a planet, exists within a binary star system (meaning it has two stars that are orbiting one another) in the Reticulum Constellation that's about 39 light years from earth. I have plans for the future, guess they're futuristic plans.Move out west and buy some desert lands.Maybe up North, just past Alaska.You know nothing of this if they ask you.Red Rover, Red Rover, Bob Lazar's coming over.So honey clear the airstrip and light up that stove.By Jove, I think it's started. (Many alien abduction stories since then have included stories brought out by hypnosis, not always under the most reputable researchers.). Additionally, those are lines between different star systems. Blimey you're a party pooper aren't you?! This seems like a tall order. "But the star group identified by Marjorie Fish isn't quite a perfect match, and the odds consequently reduce to about 1,000 to 1. Astronomers have found a third exoplanet orbiting a binary star system 3,340 light years from Earth, the first, and so far only, multi-planet circumbinary solar system discovered to date. She said there were many other stars on the map but she only (apparently) was able to specifically recall the prominent ones connected by lines and a small distinctive triangle off to the left. Anything greater would cause climatic disaster. He believes the Gliese catalog "is the most complete and comprehensive source available". ), Elaborating on this aspect of the incident, Mark Steggert offers this: "I am inclined to question the ability of Betty, under posthypnotic suggestion, to duplicate the pattern two years after she saw it. Frank B. Salisbury of the University of Utah has also examined the Hill and Fish maps. According to the most recent star catalogs, there are about 1,000 known stars within a radius of 55 light-years of the sun. Designated Zeta1 and Zeta2 Reticuli, the two solar analogs are slightly smaller, less massive and less luminous than the Sun. The star has a projected rotational velocity of 1.98 km/s. Yeah the fact that Bob lazar has taken no money of any kind not to mention he was raided by the fbi his entire educational records erased and Ive got a pretty good bullshit detector not to mention George knapps human story behind Bobs the fact that he also had the test flight schedules so do some research buddy. Zeta 1 Reticuli is separated from Zeta 2 Reticuli by at least 367 billion miles or about 100 times the Sun-Pluto distance. Find reviews and discounts for AAA/AARP members, seniors, meetings & military/govt. Data used to derive the Fish model and the computer readout were taken from Gliese catalog. It has windows -and behind the windows, looking directly at him are humanoid creaturesl Terrified, Barney stumbles back to the car, throws it into first gear and roars off. Our last table indicated the sun (a G2 star) has a stable lifespan of about 11 billion years. But we may be wrong in our estimate of life development time. Still, it fascinates us. The crash and the official sources changing their statements have given rise to numerous conspiracy theories. This is a way of getting at repressed or forgotten material and can result in unusual accuracy. Center map is derived from a model of our stellar neighborhood by Marjorie Fish. They have to be ruled out immediately. Anyways, not really sure what youre talking about in the sidebar though. HOTEL BIRKS MONTREAL in Montreal QC at 1240 Rue Sq. Like beryllium, lithium gets depleted with age, and a low abundance indicates a more advanced age. This feature described the so-called Betty and Barney Hill story, in which a New Hampshire couple claimed to have been abducted in 1961 and taken aboard an alien spacecraft. What does that leave us with? There are other cases of alleged abductions by extraterrestrial humanoids. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. 4.5), Delta Reticuli (mag. It shows the stars that coincide with those on the Hill map (the Fish model is illustrated on page 14). Please dont, was his only response. (Friedman is rather well-known. Lets find out why. The best time of year to observe the stars and deep sky objects in Reticulum is during the month of January, when the constellation rises high in the evening sky. About half of all stars are born in pairs, or small groups of three or more. There is every indication that both had a common origin and are part of a relatively near-by old moving group (or loose cluster) of stars which was first defined in 1958 and is known as the Zeta Hercules group. Long ago our satellite stopped rotating and now has one side permanently turned toward Earth. Where does all this leave us? Top diagram is a copy of the map Betty Hill drew, allegedly a duplicate of one she saw inside an extraterrestrial vehicle. An Earth-mass planet has been detected orbiting Alpha Centauri B, the closest star system to our own at 4.37 light-years distant. As part of the program, twelve U.S. military personnel were purportedly sent to Serpo between 1965 and 1978. The Alpha Centauri system, our closest interstellar neighbor and long the stuff of science fiction lore, harbors a planet about the size and mass of the Earth. As the stars orbit, they come within 17,400 light years of the Galactic Centre and move as far away as 28,600 light years. The stress she was under at the time is another unknown factor. Planetary Sleuthing Finds Triple-Star World. But stars 'in fairly close or highly elliptical orbits would alternately fry or freeze their planets. Oh yeah,Escape From the Prison Planet. What does that mean? Science fiction writers are fond of describing life forms based on chemical systems that we have been unable to duplicate here on Earth such as silicon based life or life based on the ammonium hydroxide molecule instead of on carbon. 4.97), Zeta2 Reticuli (mag. The Moon, because of its nearness to Earth, is strongly affected by our planets tidal forces. To get more information about the map she decided to visit Betty Hill in the summer of 1969. A nuclear-pulse powered starship begins a historic voyage to some nearby stars similar to our sun sometime in the 21st century. [15] 1 Reticuli has an apparent magnitude of 5.52,[2] placing it on the border between 5th- and 6th-magnitude stars. "The substantial variation in catalog material is something that must be overcome," says Steggert. There's really no reason to listen to anything he says. One would also wonder what Betty, who has a master's degree in social work and is a supervisor in the New Hampshire Welfare Department, and Barney, who was on the governor of New Hampshire's Civil Rights Commission, would have to gain by a hoax? Their atmosphere must be similar because the Hills breathed without trouble while inside the ship, and the aliens did not appear to wear any protective apparatus. Do you not see any familiar shapes in the map of the star system on the sidebar? Her conclusions found their way to the editor of Astronomy magazine and, in December 1974, the magazine published an article that started a debate about the map. | Video 14,809 views Jul 12, 2016 302 Dislike Share Save VideoFromSpace 1.56M subscribers Using the SPHERE imager om the European. Fish's account of that meeting: "On Aug. 4, 1969, Betty Hill discussed the star map with me. Another well-known case of a UFO sighting, known as the Zeta Reticuli Incident, took place in 1961. For two reasons, then, we eliminate stars of class F4 and above: (1) most of them rotate rapidly and thus seem to be planetless, and (2) their stable lifespans are too brief for advanced life to develop. Betty also remembered being shown a star map after asking the aliens where they came from. It takes a lot of stellar fuel to emit vast quantities of light and heat. I think Lazar is telling the truth as he understands it. The problem is that planets have to be that close to get enough heat from these feeble suns. But it's just a possibility, so could be either way. Binary star system in the constellation Reticulum, "Chromospheric models of solar analogues with different activity levels", "A 25 micron search for Vega-like disks around main-sequence stars with ISO", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeta_Reticuli&oldid=1141382451, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 19:59. (This is no longer believed to be the case. This group of stars is a natural for exploration when we achieve interstellar flight. Zeta Reticuli is a wide binary star system in the southern constellation of Reticulum. The fact that all the stars in the "Hill configuration" are solar type stars is one of several intriguing areas that enshroud the "Zeta Reticuli Incident". Walter Mitchell, professor of astronomy at Ohio State University in Columbus, has looked at Marjorie Fish's interpretation of the Betty Hill map in detail and tells us, "The more I examine it, the more I am impressed by the astronomy involved in Marjorie Fish's work. Betty and Barney are returned unharmed to their car. A Boston psychiatrist, Benjamin Simon, is recommended, and after several months of weekly hypnosis sessions the bizarre events of that night in 1961 are revealed. But the Hills are troubled by unexplained dreams and anxiety about two hours of their trip that they can't account for. He discusses the possibility that he got misinformed on purpose but not why they probably choose this system and he has to know after all the people he met. "By no stretch of the imagination could anyone who knows them conclude that they were nuts," he emphasizes. 5.22), and HD 27304 (mag. Apparently the formation of a planetary system robs these stars of much of its rotational momentum. (Earth-sized planets cannot be detected in this manner. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. The worlds best selling astronomy magazine. Dole feels this is cutting it too fine for intelligent species to fully evolve. A 2005 study that constructed chromospheric models of solar analogues found an intermediate level of magnetic activity in the chromosphere of Zeta1 Reticuli. Group members formed in the same molecular cloud and move together through space. ZetaReticuli, Latinized from Reticuli, is a wide binary star system in the southern constellation of Reticulum. While inside they are physically examined, and one Of the humanoids communicates to Betty. While very large stars are unlikely to have planets, several other stellar types could host habitable planets or moons. The distance between the two stars is at least 3,750AU (0.06 light-year, or almost a hundred times the average distance between Pluto and the Sun), so their orbital period is 170,000 years or more. I recently got introduced to Bob and his story and it is very fascinating and I might even dare to say he seems truthful. ), What stars are left after all this pruning? They belong to the Zeta Herculis Moving Group of stars that share a common origin. Its pretty obvious that Tau Ceti is our first target. Fascinating stuff either way, one day maybe the curtain will fully fall. In 1964, under hypnosis, they recalled undergoing a physical examination by the aliens. Nothing Lazar said has been confirmed, some of it has straight up been disproven through scientific advances. There is none better." ** For a reported team of United States Military volunteers from 1965 to 1978 under a project named SERPO see, Rick Doty discusses SERPO (pdf). Two years after the incident, the couple are still bothered by the missing two hours, and Barney's ulcers are acting up. Yet spectroscopic studies of stars of class F4 and brighter reveal that most of them are in fact unlike our sun in a vital way they are rapidly rotating stars. The star system is composed of two Sun-like stars, Zeta 1 and Zeta 2 Reticuli, located at a distance of about 39.3 light years from Earth. Zeta Reticuli ( Ret) is a wide double star located in the southern constellation Reticulum. (Enceladus and Europa are tidally locked, but gravitational tugs keep their oceans liquid) The same principles apply to planets of small stars that would otherwise be at the right distance for moderate temperatures. Under hypnosis they stated that they had been taken separately aboard the craft, treated well by the occupants rather as humans might treat experimental animals and then released after having been given the hypnotic suggestion that they would remember nothing of that particular experience. Someone should (or perhaps has already) conduct a test to see how well a similar pattern could be recalled after a substantial period of time. Contact Zonar at 1-877-843-3847 or by email at customercare@zonarsystems.com. Zeta Reticuli was also memorably used in the television series Space: Above and Beyond (1995-96) and Seven Days (1998-2001). In the galactic coordinate system, the [U, V, W] components of the space velocity for this system are equal to [70.2, 47.4, +16.4] km/s for 1 and [69.7, 46.4, +16.8] km/s for 2. The flares have the same intensity as those of our sun, but when you put that type of flare on a little star it spells disaster for a planet that is within, say, 30 million miles. If we go west, all we can visit is Kansas City and Denver. She was standing about three feet away from it. These two stars are Tau 1 Eridani (an F6 star ) and Gliese 86.1 ( K2), and are, respectively, just above and below the parameters we arrived at earlier. The Zeta Reticuli system orbits though the Milky Way with an eccentricity of 0.24. From this viewpoint the map pattern obtained by Marjorie Fish was duplicated with virtually no variations. And yep it's definitely a field full of disinfo and smoke and mirrors, and well to be frank plenty of Looney Tunes and outright charlatans too. Zeta Reticuli (Zeta Ret, Reticuli, Ret) is a binary star system located in the Frontier in the Reticulum Constellation. Exobiologists are united in their opinion that the chance of us having neighbors so similar to us, apparently located so close, is vanishingly small. 2 Reticuli is slightly brighter at magnitude 5.22. If Jupiter was 80 times more massive it would be an M6 red dwarf star. UFO conspiracy theorists believe that a planet orbiting Zeta2 Reticuli is the home of alien beings they call the Greys, who have been visiting our planet and abducting people for research purposes. This still leaves a few F stars, quite a few G stars, and hoards of K and M dwarfs. "I was intrigued by the proposal put forth by Marjorie Fish that she had interpreted a real star pattern for the alleged map of Betty Hill. The Hills reported seeing a craft descend toward them as they were driving home to Portsmouth from Niagara Falls and said that they were approached by several humanoid figures. By various lines of statistical reasoning he concludes that the chances of finding a match among 16 stars of a specific spectral type among the thousand-odd stars' nearest the sun is "at least 1,000 to 1 against". The best-known use of the system is in the Alien (1979) and Prometeus (2012) films, where Zeta2 Reticuli is the host star of Caparon, a gas giant orbiting in the stars habitable zone. The conclusion we can draw is this: The star has to be like the sun. Is he not mentioning it because this is where he got that specific story detail from and underestimated how popular his choice was? The ship rises, and then hurtles out of sight. (Trade routes that would take decades or centuries if we assume the craft obey the rules of relativity, or even the notion that these stars have habitable planets. A one percent fluctuation in the sun would be annoying for us here on Earth. "The data for some of the stars seems to be very reliable, but a few of the pattern stars are not well observed and data on them is somewhat conflicting," says Kretsch. Even though the system has been a target for several planet hunting projects, no planets have been confirmed orbiting either star to date. The Roswell UFO incident was first reported on July 8, 1947. The star "behind" the two components of Zeta Reticuli is Zeta Tucanae. But eventually (around the time the Contact movie came out) I wised up and realized the real hunt for life on other worlds wouldnt come from the sky in cigar shaped flying spheres or in the middle of the night through a light in the window. The stars have apparent magnitudes of 5.52 (Zeta 1) and 5.22 (Zeta 2) and are visible without binoculars from areas without light pollution. Its a solid truth. It was published as a joke piece in Astronomy magazine Dec 1974 issue. He left physics in 1970 to become a UFO researcher, and was known for a time for promoting the Roswell crash as an extraterrestrial incident as well as the widely-discredited Majestic 12 document. Both stars are solar analogs that have characteristics similar to those of the Sun. Zeta2 Reticuli is slightly larger and more massive, with a size of 0.99 solar radii and a mass of 0.985 solar masses. The fact that the pattern is less of a "good fit" using data from other sources leads Kretsch and others to wonder what new observations would do. Look up Project Beta to get an idea of the kind of disinfo the govt was running around the UFO topic in the 80s. I wanted to know a little bit more about the Zeta Reticuli star system he spoke of something I've heard mention of before in UFO lore (see the Betty and Barney Hill case from the 60's), so I Wiki'd it for some more info https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_Reticuli. Our sun could have been part of a double star system. The two stars complete an orbit around a common centre of mass every 170,000 or more years. ", (Theres skepticism about the usefulness of hypnotic regression, as heavy suggestion can lead to false memories.). A 2018 study of the long-term activity of Zeta Reticuli system found an activity cycle with a period of about 10 years in Zeta2 Reticuli, comparable to the Suns (about 11 years). The only answer is to continue the search. This debris disk interpreted as an analogy to the Kuiper belt with a semi-major axis of 100AU and a temperature of 3040 K.[28], However, observations with ALMA from October and November 2017 revealed that the structure observed by Herschel shows no common proper motion with Zeta Reticuli. Don Dixon. (These stars can last on a scale of trillions of years though they may soon fade into blue dwarfs, none of which exist yet.) And if that were the case they'd probably be telling people different things as to the origin, but that kinda doesn't make sense, as you only need person A to speak to person B and at some point they're gonna say wait a minute they told me differently. (Editors note: by no metric is this true outside conspiratorial circles.) It is not uncommon for astronomers not to divulge their research data -even to their colleagues before it appears in print. Keeping all this in mind, Marjorie Fish constructed several three-dimensional models of the solar neighborhood in hopes of detecting the pattern in the Hill map. The Zetas are a semiotic echelon who harvest biological materials. The planetary system we call home is located in an outer spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy.