cht gauges for air cooled engines

We are still processing and shipping orders from our warehouse as normal even while our site is offline. catdoo. Racer71 Pro Posts: 276 Joined: Mon Jun 24, 2019 4:36 pm a bag tie, as here, but this is not necessary. This is a piston from an overheated Top 80 engine. A Cylinder Head Temperature gauge (CHT) measures the cylinder head temperature of an engine. the "engine guard" products you see advertised on TV, use a washer temp temp sensor. For more information on the new gauge, other specialist gauges or our range of SMITHS-branded instruments, pleasecontact us via: You can also follow us on social media for regular news updates, photographs and technical information: Posted by Paul Fears on What's a safe maximum temp on a force/fan air cooled small 125cc/232cc all aluminum engine? When a CHT gauge was offered at the factory (I think on microbuses only) it was just one sender on one head. Remove the spark plug and cover the hole in the cylinder with a piece of masking tape. My favorite CHT gauge is made by Dakota Digital. Aviasport. Additionally, paramotor engines are designed mechanically to run at a specified temperature The first reason is that it is rarely ). What are factors contributing to a higher head temperature? The CHT gauge wiring consists of a 5 meter long wire which reaches from the engine #3 spark plug in to the rear to the dash. TheSamba.com :: View topic - Aircooled Cylinder Head Temp. Sensor Cylinder Head Temperature Gauge, Vw Camper, Beetle. Pyrometer, Cht, 3m Discussion in 'Thumpers' started by Modron, Apr 11, 2016. With simple installation and its slick clean look, it makes it be another must have Ural Accessory. Always have a small loop between the Therefore, attempting to limit EGTs in an attempt to be kind to the engine is simply wrongheaded. Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Limits According to the engine manual, the maximum allowable cylinder head temperature (red line limit) is 500 degrees F. Lycoming states flatly that the maximum redline cylinder head temperature limit must never be exceeded. JavaScript is disabled. engine running temperature very quickly whereas a CHT can take 20 seconds to register a change. mechanical problems with the engine. Currently our response time to emails is slow (we are severely short-staffed). The max oil temp is 261F. mounting points. It does vary a lot with the ambient temp. IMPORTANT GAUGE YOU CAN HAVE ON YOUR VW! ). have the means to quickly and radically change the air/fuel mixture during operation. Drill & tap a safe spot on the cylinder head, or carefully epoxy the sensor to the head, making sure you have good contact between the sensor and the cylinder. It must be modified while it is installed on the engine or the cut will Microsoft has retired Internet Explorer in favor of their new browser- Microsoft Edge, or you can use Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. CHT Gauges; CHT Gauges. easier to remove the faulty gauge if HST is not used to cover both wires. Malfunctioning magneto:Elevated EGT on all cylinders (usually about 50F or so). ), 4.5mm (3/16") wide black nylon zip ties This is because un-vaporized fuel in Complete installation instuction included in gauge kit. "Most factory installed cylinder head temperature gauges utilize a bayonet or screw-in resistive type probe that occupies one of the bayonet sockets. I very seldom refer to EGT when I lean my engines; I use fuel flow to get somewhere in the ballpark, and then fine-tune by reference to CHT. M20E High CHT - Vintage Mooneys (pre-J models) - Mooneyspace.com - A temperature when correctly tuned. Cylinder Head Temps of an Aircooled 150 4T? | Adventure Rider For aircraft and motorcycles, the vehicle's speed alone moves enough cool air over the fins to keep the engine cool. Oil temp is only very remotely related to cylinder head temp (CHT). Gauge importance (to US), in order, Cylinder if it was 100 F outside, your VDO gauge would read 30 F low, you would need to add 30 F to the gauge readout to determine your true CHT; if the ambient temps are colder than 70 F, then the gauge reads high, and you need to subtract the difference from the gauge readout. I'm putting a sender on each of #1 and #3. . gasket that is on all spark plugs. Once you go above 400F on an aluminum moped cylinder you start risking an engine seize. Currently seeing 311F as a maximum. Immediate shipment of requested products is NOT guaranteed. About half the fuels energy goes out the exhaust pipe, while the remaining one-sixth is transferred to the cooling air that passes over the cylinder fins and through the oil cooler. A Cylinder Head Temperature Gauge (CHT) measures the temperature of an engine's cylinder heads. Never use black electrical tape to affix the gauge cables by Robert Hodge Mon Feb 16, 2009 12:46 pm, Post The TTO gauges and the CHT extension are available from Miniplane-USA. Slightly reduced CHT on affected cylinder. All products purchased should be inspected, measured, cleaned and properly assembled prior to installation. THE SENSOR MUST BE ORIENTED SO THAT THE FLAT AREA OF THE SENSOR ENTIRELY CONTACTS THE FLAT AREA AROUND THE SPARK PLUG HOLE. 200 degC on a spark plug is no problem. 3. Some other guys get nervous around 400F, and we can't say this is wrong. If you are using a cast iron cylinder you can usually risk higher temps before seizure. We feel critical temperatures are 425F when the thermocouple is mounted under a 14mm spark plug. I'd consider but I prefer analog. If you can JUST hold it without it burning your fingers, the engine temperature is OK. Megasquirt 2 / Microsquirt / Microsquirt module, MS2/Extra, MS2, Microsquirt and Microsquirt module support, Re: CHT sensor on an air-cooled engine help. can used to attach the sensor wires or HST assembly to the side bar as illustrated below up to the frame attachment point. I just tested a high rpm piston port intake 55cc Grubee engine and I redlined it for a mile at 9100 rpm and it only got up to 425 degrees farenheit. Detailed Specifications: Engine temperature: For air-cooled machines; attaches to spark plug or engine bolt, Wire length: 550 mm / 21", Diameter: 10, 12 or 14 mm. What should my Cylinder Head Temp be? | Ski-Doo Snowmobiles Forum Installing a engine/oil temperature gauge - Netrider The TIT limit is usually either 1650F or 1750F, depending on the model of turbocharger in-stalled. Peak EGT occurs at approximately the stoichiometric (chemically correct) mixture of 14.7 pounds of air for each pound of fuel, at which there is exactly the right amount of oxygen to oxidize all the hydrocarbon chains in the fuel. The CHT gauge kits consist of a sensor and the gauge itself. Posts: 65. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Canada - Brantford, ON, FREE SHIPPING ON ORDERS OVER $350 (USA ONLY - SOME EXCLUSIONS APPLY) | 877-4-SPRUCE, Swift Gauge Dual 2 Inch Round Cylinder Head Temperature 100-7000F, Alcor By Tempest CHT Probe Leads - Type J, Alcor By Tempest Alcal 2000+ System Tester, Electronics International C-1 Single Channel CHT Gauge, Swift Gauge Dual 2-1/4 Cylinder Head Temperature 100-700 F, Alcor By Tempest 2-1/4 CHT Meter - 500F At 8.0 Ohm - Type J FAA PMA, Mitchell Cylinder Head Temp Gauge For Rotax, Swift Gauge Dual 2 Inch Round CHT/Tachometer Gauge 100-7000F/0-8000 Rpm, Alcor By Tempest 2-1/4 CHT / CHT Meter Type J FAA PMA, Swift Gauge Dual 2 Inch Round Cylinder Head Temperature 0-3400C, Swift Gauge Dual 2 Inch Round CHT / Tachometer Gauge 50-3750C / 0-8000 Rpm, Swift Gauge Dual 2-1/4 Cylinder Head Temperature 50-375 C, Swift Gauge Dual 2-1/4 CHT / Tachometer Gauge 100-7000F / 0-8000 Rpm, Swift Gauge Dual 2-1/4 CHT / Tachometer Gauge 50-3750C / 0-8000 Rpm. With the engine completely warmed up, grab the dip stick and pull it out. The wasted energy is measured and displayed on a triad of cockpit gauges: oil tempera-ture, cylinder head temperature, and exhaust gas temperature. Tech and Community Help For Air-Cooled VWs. problem being, it's a pretty well closed ducted fan setup on a pretty compact engine. Head Temperature, Oil Temperature, Voltmeter (charging system problems Dakota Digital CHT gauge - Itinerant Air-Cooled Made-to-order, Special-Order, and Direct-shipped items with longer advertised manufacture and/or fulfillment lead times will NOT be auto-canceled, and will be fulfilled in the longer, as-advertised timeframe. East - Peachtree City, GA NOTE: SOME CYLINDER HEADS (MINARI) HAVE SPARK PLUG HOLE SURFACES temperature of your motor? [Archive] - The Sportster and Buell We provide the classic VW hobby with tech tips, project advice, and quality parts for VW Restoration, VW Performance and Custom Aircooled VW projects. you will have to remove (or modify) the rubber seal that goes between the spark plug and the air duct. An exhaust gas temperature gauge ( EGT gauge or EGT sensor) is a meter used to monitor the exhaust gas temperature of an internal combustion engine in conjunction with a thermocouple -type pyrometer. CATALOG ERRORS: Although every effort has been made to provide accurate pricing and product technical and vehicle application information, THIS CATALOG MAY CONTAIN ERRORS (typographical, photographic, or informational). In the case of airplanes which do not have cowl flaps, an indicator shall be provided if compliance with the provisions of 3.581 is more). The first and foremost basic function of a EGT Gauge is to monitor the exhaust temperature that the engine is producing. Our site uses advanced code and encryption that is not supported by Microsoft's Internet Explorer Browser. There are cylinder head temp and oii temp gauges made for air-cooled VWs that would work. or is the water temp suitable. Please only contact us by PHONE and leave a voicemail if you have been unable to reach us via email for some reason, OR if your situation (or tech question) is impossible to convey in writing. How an Air-cooled Engine Works | HowStuffWorks The burn rate of the air-fuel charge is fastest a mixture that is slightly richer than stoichiometric, approximately 50F rich of peak EGT (50F ROP). Motorcycle 4-in-1 Multifunction Gauge Mini 4 Meter (RPM Tachometer+Cylinder Head Temp+Voltmeter+Clock) 4in1 Multi-Functional Gauge Digital Multimeter Engine Temperature Meter (14mm) 5.0 (1) $2899 - $3099 Save 6% with coupon Universal Cylinder Head Temperature CHT Sensors K Type Thermocouple with 10mm Inner Diameter Washer & 10 feet Cable No reviews 2-1/16" CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE, 140-340 F, AIR-CORE - Autometer PRODUCT INFORMATION: All information provided by Aircooled.Net (via website or email) is for USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. which varies widely from manufacturer to manufacturer. CHT sensor on an air-cooled engine help - Megasquirt Support Forum Made in the USA. The external surface of each cylinder is fitted with a number of fins, which act as heat sinks, dissipating the heat into the air. Depending on the engine, the cooling air duct may have to be modified in order for the CHT sensor to be mounted underneath the spark plug. All information should be verified prior to use. Exhaust temperatures would be less than 600F. Owner's manuals from smart Italian manufacturers always remind pilots to *NEVER* go to full throttle until the engine warms up (70C or One caveat: Turbocharged engines usually have a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) red line that should be observed, particularly when flying at Flight Level altitudes. How necessary or useful are CHT and/or EGT gauges in this sort of plane? esky CZK Slovensky EUR Franais EUR Italiano EUR Deutsch EUR Polski PLN Norsk EUR Tamil USD Hungarian HUF Russian USD. VDO Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) 14mm Sending Unit and - VW Parts I'm used to always running TrailTech temp gauges on old 2 stroke mopeds. cylinder head temperatures | Harley Davidson Forums 4. a cylinder head with a squish band. Mitchell. *** Supply-chain disruptions have hampered our ability to acquire/restock items reliably, and a lack of backorder ETA information is the frustrating "new normal" for our hobby. TheSamba.com :: View topic - Engine Temperature unfortunately they only read up to 125deg, but somethign similar would be ideal Engine Guard - Product Overview - Engine Guard basically this.. "cylinder head temp gauge" VDO 12v DIGITAL CYLINDER HEAD TEMP GAUGE KIT 4WD TRUCK | eBay Note that the lubricating oil on the surface of the piston has burned. $58.35 + $14.59 shipping VINTAGE PORSCHE VW BEETLE CAR TEMPERATURE GAUGE, BEETLE. Cylinder Head Temperature Gauge and Sensor Kit, CHT. 18mm CAR CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE GAUGE KIT, CHT. One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft . air cooled aircraft engines go up to a minimum of something in the 425F range which is about 218C. Cylinder head temperature on air cooled engines - Adventure Rider At this point, irreversible damage occurs to both the piston and the cylinder. Bosch CHT from an EFI beetle or van. The cut is in line with the spark plug hole and perpendicular to the two duct Maximum safe cylinder head temperature (CHT) - Motored Bikes That is with high compression (155 psi) and a stock head w/squish band (which causes higher head temps and lower piston temps). Usually you want temps in the 300-400F range. Drill & tap a safe spot on the cylinder head, or carefully epoxy the sensor to the head, making sure you have good contact between the sensor and the cylinder. engine and where the wires are connected to the side bar. Remove the spacer washer, if there is one, and put it aside for the moment. The use of these terms in no way denotes or infers a direct or indirect connection between Aircooled.Net, Inc. and Volkswagen or any of its subsidiaries. If the temperature increases very quickly, the crown of the piston can melt at the center and form a hole. This causes ppto occur later and CHT to decrease. Burnt/charred oil can cause the piston ring to bind to the piston lands. The Ten Biggest Lies About Piston Aircraft Engines - AVweb make holes in the wings of the tachometer so it could be mounted properly. This installation does not have a full length piece of HST to cover the gauge wires. Cylinder Head Temperature :: Custom & Speed Parts (CSP) CHT Gauges | AIR TEAM Tech and Community Help For Air-Cooled VWs, Post SA9 1SH, t: 01639 732200 And we will continue responding to emails through until early March 2023 because we are wholly committed to resolving any other issues that may arise from previous sales. Would you own a car that did not have an odometer nor a temperature gauge? Some brands of the thermocouple is mounted under a spark plug. Temperature Sensor: Cylinder Head 14mm CHT Sensor, 550mm Long. The new heads with the new valve seats don't do this so you can drive safely at Freeway speeds and at 400F CHT's. Still constant 450F CHT is scary as at aluminum heads can suffer from that prolonged heat. Highly accurate and durable thanks to AutoMeter's patented air core meter movement, a single wire, 1/8" NPT temperature sender is included. As a result, we have had to change our BACKORDER FULFILLMENT PROCEDURES. By monitoring EGT, the driver or pilot can get an idea of the vehicle's air-fuel ratio (AFR). That's more concerning and being hopefully handled by a small oil cooler and a switch from 0W-40 to 20W-50 Mobil 1. The sensor wires are very durable but they cannot be stretched. . Always do a thorough test of the fuel delivery system before assuming there are ignition or That fan might be a problem if its blowing air onto the motor. 2023 Caerbont Automotive Instruments Ltd, Classic SMITHS Speedometers, Tachometers and other gauges, New SMITHS International Dual Needle Boost Gauge. Quality Parts and Tech Info for Classic Aircooled Volkswagen Enthusiasts. This is THE MOST IMPORTANT GAUGE YOU CAN HAVE ON YOUR VW! Mike Busch's books, articles, webinars, and other resources from Savvy Aviation, Inc. cannot be shortened. 1. The art of troubleshooting with an engine monitor is a subject thats so rich and fascinating that Im in the process of writing a book about it. The use of VW, Volkswagen and any model names and numbers is for the sole purpose of description of parts application. You should establish a target CHT that represents the maximum stress you want to place on your engine - 380F works well for most Bonanzas and Barons under typical conditions - and then adjust your power settings, mixture, and (if applicable) cowl flaps to ensure that all cylinders are operating at or below that target. Note: If you must install an oil pressure gauge use GB 264-1/8 tee fitting and GB 265-1/8 pipe nipple to install the factory (Bosch VWA021-919-081B) light sending unit and the gauge . Swift Gauge Dual 2 Inch Round CHT/Tachometer Gauge 100-7000F/-8000 Rpm. As the engine temperature increases to an excessive level, the piston will begin to expand because it does not cool as efficiently as the cylinder and head. cannot lubricate engine parts. Advanced ignition timing that ignites the air-fuel charge earlier and causes ppto occur earlier decreases EGT. This is especially an issue when using AVGAS. used on the Top 80 and most other motors. Thats why its so important to manage the powerplant in a fashion that limits CHTs to a tolerable value. VW Baywindow Bus - VDO Gauges Corvair Cylinder Head Temperature Gauge - Discussion Forums CAR 3.675 Cylinder head temperature indicating system for air-cooled engines. not line up with the cooling fins on the cylinder head. Abercrave As the temperature increases how to change font in davinci resolve; kultura ng tarlac; apartments in southaven, ms under $800 CoC. by steve74baywin Fri May 27, 2011 6:45 am, Giving y'all first crack at this before I put an ad on. CHT Thermocouple for Air cooled Engine? - Megasquirt Support Forum You may never need I have sent a TTO cylinder head temperature gauge (sold by JN Motors) off the scale and it maxes out at 275 degree Celsius, so i wouldn't mind betting that the cylinder head temperature exceeded 300 degrees Celsius using the standard cylinder head. Finally, a burned exhaust valve can increase EGT if it allows some of the ultra-hot gas during peak-temperature phase of the power stroke to leak past the valve and impinge on the EGT sensor probe located a few inches beyond the cylinders exhaust port. In case one of the gauges goes bad, it is by Robert Hodge Sun Feb 15, 2009 6:58 pm, Post You do NOT want debris falling into the cylinder. I appreciate your viewpoint but really I think you need to have a temperature gauge on your engine to really know what is going on with it. This engine had HST installed over both gauge wires which is the best way because there is less chance of the wires being snagged. These engines were highly stressed and it did not take much of a change to melt a piston or worse. Bus Clearance; Golf Clearance; My account; . 650 air-cooled, dual carb, dual ignition, rebuilt (like new! The Minari and Air Conception have a horizontal engine so the extension is not needed. cooler is better. CHTs are pretty expensive, I was pricing them yesterday. If needed, pilots may contact us to order these washers ($1 + free shipping). Having an engine run a bit cool (rich) will not do any harm. also pollute more. Fax: 800-329-3020, West - Corona, CA The problem of the type 4 heads is valve seat material which doesn't have the best expansion rate in a aluminum head. That said the CR Machine Manufacturing billet cylinder head never sees the engine reaching over 230 degrees Celsius, due to it's significantly large cooling surface area compared to the standard cylinder head and other billet cylinder heads that i have tried. VDO 600F Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Gauge, Cockpit - VW Parts But to make a very long story short, heres a list of common engine problems and how they show up in CHT and EGT: CHT and EGT may also be used to detect abnormal combustion events, including detonation and pre-ignition. Would A-M create an Air Cooled CYL HEAD Temp gauge 140 . My column last month talked about the fact that our piston aircraft engines convert only about one-third of the energy contained in avgas into useful energy to the propeller. Help me understand CHT requirements | Pilots of America $79.25. Re: CHT sensor on an air-cooled engine help. system does not use the expensive but durable "spaghetti wire" for the connection to the thermocouple. Using this website means you're happy with this. Whats important is the relative value of EGT for a particular cylinder compared to that cylinders peak EGT value. by kritip Mon Feb 16, 2009 3:57 pm, Post Head Rebuilding JPI. 1/16", V310901 is used to monitor the critical Cylinder Head Temperature It had seized in the cylinder while running. VDO 600F Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Gauge, Cockpit, Black Face, 2 Leave all boxes unchecked for unit only. Leave the old CHT in and add the JPI. Aircooled.Net, Inc. is in no way affiliated or associated with Volkswagen AG or Volkswagen ("VW") of America. The location shown here is the best and will result in the least wear and tear on the sensor wires. Cessna 180 Primary CHT Gauge Replacement - Super Cub by hambone Sun Apr 03, 2011 7:08 pm, Post The excess tachometer wire and the excess CHT extension wire can be secured to the frame with nylon zip ties. An unmodified Top 80, for example, will have a cruising temperature between 120C - 170C with the TTO CHT gauge, depending on ambient The completed installation should look like this on a Top 80. also easily visible on the side bar. CHT (cylinder head temperature) gauge w/probe, 2", new, $90 EGT (exhaust gas temperature) . Busses tend to run much hotter temps due to the load they are pushing. This leans out the fuel mixture and this is why you increase jetting at lower temps. conditions and altitude. separately unless you want to have spares! Exhaust gas temperature gauge - Wikipedia to do and could harm the engine. We rely heavily on email as the most efficient and accurate way to serve our customers. CHT's WHAT IS IDEAL??? Lycoming IO-360 - VAF Forums - Van's Aircraft careful because the bit can snag the plastic and split it. Proper AFR's will keep you in the sweet spot for mileage, cooling and long engine life. You will get an idea A cooler spark plug only makes the plug cooler , not the motor. Mount the gauges Use nylon zip ties to mount the gauges on the left side bar. thats about 150C. People who have had cracked cylinder heads probably didn't even know their engine was overheating. These gauges are best used as a REFERENCE, get used to them, and if you see it "too high" one day FIGURE OUT WHY! Matt Cramer -1966 Dodge Dart slant six running on MS3X. BLUE LED CHT, 3M SENSOR $58.35 + $14.59 shipping Have one to sell? CHT Gauge, Cylinder head temp 52mm S/Comp Including sender If you are having trouble in the air, you do not want the throttle to catch on anything. Option: the tachometer wire can be cut to fit and the black outer covering stripped off for a neater installation. Once again, red . for Spark Plug M14 919 085 113C available from stock. Northeast - Middletown, PA even more, the piston will expand enough that its diameter will begin to exceed the inside diameter of the cylinder. They must be fished from both directions with a thin line. 3. too lean an air/fuel ratio. Have you ever checked n adjusted the valves, check the compression also . CHT mainly reflects whats going on in the cylinder during the Otto cycle power stroke before the exhaust valve opens, while EGT mainly reflects whats going on during the exhaust stroke after the exhaust valve opens: High CHTs generally indicate that the engine is under excessive stress for its own good. I recommend using centigrade because all paramotor engines are Alaska - Wasilla, AK | vintage VW | germansupply As the 3.0 litre SC engine we have is proving troublesome and needs a rebuild it seems like a good idea to try to convert the CIS to an EFI and I have been looking at various options. I didnt turn that fan on. Midwest - West Chicago, IL 279,00 EUR / each: . some are even a bit over 500F. 275C. PRODUCT IMAGES are representative only. Secondly, an EGT costs UMA. If it burns your fingers (and the engine will usually smell hot too), then the temperature is too high -- possibly as high as 285F (140C) -- VERY hot! The gauge compliments the extensive range of new and classic instruments, including those with SMITHS-branding. Why We Don't Sell Gauges? - Technical lnfo Email care allows us to provide important service detail that can be later referenced by both the customer and our care staff. shrink wrap around the sensor connection. fuel inlet filter and a worn out fuel pump. Limiting EGTs accomplishes nothing useful. Please check the boxes for the options that you would like to add. much more than a CHT and is complicated to install on a paramotor. All wiring must have some slack to allow for flexing of the side bar. VW Campers with Type 4 engines and other air cooled vehicles especially those with stock fuel injection, have a tendency to run hot.Overheating an aircooled engine will often result in damage to the cylinder head valve . You can find out more about the cookies used by clicking this link. Completely clogged fuel injector:Engine rough, EGT cold, CHT dropping. The short answer is that your maximum head temperature (away from the cooling coils) would be 500 degrees max (probably). of how your engine operates in various conditions, which is important! Why you need a CHT gauge?. 57 mm. Items that are not expected to be restocked within 2 weeks WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY CANCELLED. Temp Gauge for Air cooled engine?? - Yesterday's Tractors VDO 600F Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Gauge, Cockpit, Black Face, 2 1/16", V310901. and why pilots should always use a premium 100% synthetic racing oil. 24" extension lead #V300-24(The extension MUST be As the bike moves, air passes across the cylinder fins and reduces the engine's heat to keep it cool. enough to quickly overheat an engine. point. PRODUCT AVAILABILITY can vary and short-term backorders are common. Safest Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature - dragonfly75.com Do Harleys Typically Overheat? (Solved & Explained) Contact Us. PORSCHE PARTS & BOOKS; MERCEDES PARTS; EMPI; Wescom Tractor; Workshop; About; Clearance. Air-cooled engines rely on natural air to keep the engine cool. Limiting CHTs is essential to ensure cylinder longevity. You are using an out of date browser. For Bonanzas and Barons, a reasonable rule-of-thumb is that optimum engine longevity is achieved by limiting CHTs to 380F.

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