list of nj sundown towns

Sundown towns arose during a crucial era of American history, 1890-1940, when, after the gains of the Civil War and Reconstruction eras, race relations systematically grew worse. That mentality still exists and we need to be taught this history so we can understand the wounds it created and to not repeat it again. On another map, dots help users understand whether an area is a sundown town, with a legend that includes "don't know," "surely," "unlikely/always biracial," and "Black town or township." The term meant that if you were not white you had to be out of the town by nightfall or suffer the consequences. setTimeout( function() { City planners and real estate companies also used their power to make sure white communities remained white. The term came from signs posted that "colored people . This allowed maids and workmen to provide unskilled labor during the day. In Arbery's death, an echo of the 'sundown towns' that banned and threatened Black people. They also wanted an escape from the harsh Jim Crow laws in the south. As Upper Alloways Creek Township. Renamed Logan in 1878. As a Township. While few former sundown towns would describe themselves as such today, many of them remain largely white. The show references the little-known history of "sundown towns," communities which were predominantly or all-white where it was implied Black people should leave before sunset. It's directly south of Fort Worth, and it even had a warning sign at the city limits. There are a total of 591 towns and cities in the state of New Jersey. Maybe something like being void if no one is cited under it for 20 years? As Fanwood Township. Renamed North Wildwood in 1906. Paul Schutzer/The LIFE Premium Collection/Getty Images. After the Civil War and the abolition of slavery in the United States, many white lawmakers in the South began to pass discriminatory policies that denied countless rights to African Americans. In "Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism," sociologist James Loewen wrote about the . Its even in the predominantly black cities to an extent. Bilal Morris is the senior editor at NewsOne. All people of colors should be out of town before sundown," said George Henderson, a Norman resident. The number of active members of the KKK is much smaller these days. It was a sun setting over a hilltop with "N***** Don't Let The Go Down On You In Everman". But new lands were unpredictable and Blacks had no way of knowing if their migration would lead them to a sundown town. Its governor is Phil Murphy. Know of a town that has taken steps to leave its white supremacist past behind? It's on the list you linked to. If you have additional information, pro or con, please email it to us. No, it's not off the list. Vintage Photos Of Black History Being Made In America, Your email will be shared with newsone.com and subject to its, Video Shows Memphis Cops Beating Black Inmate To Death, Family Demands Justice, Black Folklore In Video Episode 3: Seneca Village, Will Damar Hamlin Play Football Again? I'm happy it's off the list. Perhaps thousands. H. Hoboken, New Jersey; W. Willingboro Township, New Jersey This page was last edited on 1 October 2021, at 03:30 (UTC). By the end of the Reconstruction era, sundown towns had popped up all over the country, particularly in the Midwest. I've also lived and been to a lot of these cities, they're not sundown towns one bit. Know of a town that should be on this list? Between the 1890s and the 1940s, Sundown Towns became a popular trend in Northern states. Slavery had been abolished. * Not a suspected sundown town but of interest for other reasons. Top 10 biggest cities by population are Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Edison, Woodbridge Township, Lakewood Township, Toms River, Hamilton Township, and Trenton while ten oldest cities are Newark, Hackensack, Saddle Brook, Perth Amboy, Hanover Township, Alloway Township, Lower Alloways Creek Township, Hillsborough Township, New . Yes, I looked up names, found them in the area south of Decator and east of Rte 70 to the IN line. Loewen, James W. Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism. Most estimates total 3035 Blacks killed[1][2][3], although as many as 50 African Americans may have been killed during the massacre. As a Borough. "Most read 'Nigger, Don't Let the Sun Set on You in -- ,' " says James Loewen, the Washington-based author of a controversial new book called "Sundown Towns." But sometimes, he adds, the sign . But they had to be out after dark. In a nutshell, the KKK was formed back in 1865, and there have been three separate movements, all three of which were supposedly purification movements in America. This report is an analysis of the locations of historic KKK organizations divided by the number of people who currently live there. When you're looking at the places in New Jersey with the highest number of KKK Klaverns per capita back in the day, this is an accurate list. All Rights Reserved. As Hohokus Township. In 2012 and 2013, our partnership resulted in two small exhibits . A close look at the reality of sundown towns alone reveals that when it came to the treatment of Black people and other minorities the North was not all that much different from the South., Certainly, the South was more overt in its racism, and its sundown towns were no exception. There were thousands of these sundown communities and most of them were predominant in the Midwest, in the West, and in the North, she said. As Barnegat City Borough. A town may have been sundown once, but now is not. Whites who believed that Blacks shouldnt be allowed to prosper resented everything about Reconstruction and the way to combat that was to make sure Blacks were intimidated and scared to live in or around the white communities. I'm not keen on the horror genre, either, but the first episode piques my interest. Renamed Lawrence in 1816. No sundown towns listed for Washington State. Renamed Hopatcong in 1901. And I'm saying that list is. Article continues below. And some Black travelers and residents of these places maintain that sundown towns have never completely gone away. Reincorporated as a City in 1851. As Spicer Township. As South Atlantic City. If anything I got the energy that she was looking out for me so I believed her and got out of there., Indeed, the handful of Black residents who live in former sundown towns often describe a sense of uneasiness while theyre out and about. This category lists populated places in the United States that at any point practiced a form of segregation known as a sundown town. Diversity index: 0.112. Artwork by Brian Britigan. All Rights Reserved. Text is available under the Creative Commons . As Madison Township. As New Barbadoes Township. Yeah, I definitely remember sundown towns being a thing throughout my early childhood in the 1980s . According to the 2020 United States Census, New Jersey is the 11th most populous state with 9,288,994 inhabitants but the 5th smallest by land area spanning 7,354.76 square miles (19,048.7km2). As Verona Township. The term meant that if you were not white you had to be out of the town by nightfall or suffer the consequences. Gideon didnt stop until he got to Beaumont but was still so scared that he slept with his rifle that night. Reincorporated as a City in 1858. After all, many of them considered enslaved people to be property, and they didnt want their property to get away from them. From 1916 to 1970, during The Great Migration, more than 6 million Blacks from the south moved to the northern, midwestern, and western states of the country seeking better opportunities for their families. For more New Jersey reading , check out: These Are The 10 Worst Places To Live In New Jersey Reincorporated as a City in 1851. In 1936 he created The Negro Travelers Green Book. In its most blatant form, signs were posted at the city limits. Renamed Carneys Point in 1976. California's list is about half "well, that doesn't surprise me" and half "my, how things have changed!". New Jersey is a state located in the Northeastern United States. Green Book Sites. The massacre has been described as the "single bloodiest day in modern American political history". sundown town, also called sunset town, in U.S. history, a town that excluded nonwhite peoplemost frequently African Americansfrom remaining in town after sunset. James W. Loewen, Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism (New York: The New Press, 2005); Candacy Taylor, The Roots of Route 66, The Atlantic, November 3, 2016, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/the-roots-of-route-66/506255/; Sundown Towns, Encyclopedia of Arkansas, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/sundown-towns-3658/. Below is a chart which lists all cities in New Jersey with KKK organizations from 1915-1940.For more New Jersey reading , check out: We aim to deliver infotainment about where you live that your real estate agent won't tell you. Hate groups can be hard to measure, because typically, theres no record of where they exist. Create new account | My Profile | My Account | My Bookmarks | My Inbox | Help | Log in, Last edited Sun Sep 6, 2020, 06:42 PM - Edit history (1), Back to top Alert abuse Link here Renamed Mount Holly in 1931. Vienna would almost certainly fall into that category. Sundown towns, on the other hand, continue to this day. As Raritan Township. that a lot of the towns on that list may have had "whites-only" laws at the time of their founding, but nobody has enforced them for decades. Renamed Barnegat Light in 1948. Sundown Towns. As West Woolwich Township. Permalink, Last edited Mon Sep 7, 2020, 07:43 AM - Edit history (1), Last edited Sun Sep 6, 2020, 06:54 PM - Edit history (1), About | Copyright | Privacy | Terms of service | Contact. In his book, Loewen profiles three Indiana towns; Elwood, Huntington and Martinsville. A similar warning was issued in 2020 for San Antonio after a local group deemed the city a sundown town due to policing policies that they say put Black Lives in danger. As Junction Borough. about them, either. Copyright 2023 Interactive One, LLC. Ferguson, MO, was a sundown town between 1940 and 1960. These are places my Facebook friend's friend lives near. Renamed Margate City in 1909. Renamed Wharton in 1902. You can assess the information provided to form your own determination as to whether the town is a confirmed sundown town. Specifically, we analyzed research out of Virginia Commonwealth University that mapped the Klans in each area and gave a history of their recruitment from 1915-1940. As a Township. Cities and Towns in Monmouth County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Middlesex County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Mercer County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Hudson County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Essex County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Morris County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Ocean County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Passaic County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Salem County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Somerset County, New Jersey, Cities and Towns in Sussex County, New Jersey. roseau county delinquent tax list; noonie jailbirds instagram. Here was me assuming this was a southern phenomenon. Then check public records to see that no "unenforced" town ordinances exist on paper. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. As West Paterson Borough. A Historic Travel Guide to Jim Crow America. e. Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, are all- white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States that practice a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation or violence. Renamed Carteret in 1922. 20072023 Blackpast.org. Which means you impacted the election in ways you never imagined. African Americans who lingered in sundown towns even during the daytime experienced harassment, threats, arrest, and beatings. And a lot of them were outside the South. Whenever I would leave Louisiana to go visit Georgia, I would NEVER stop in Mississippi if I could help it. As East Paterson Borough. 'Dilbert' Comic Creator Calls Black People A 'Hate Group,' Urges Segregation So Whites Can 'Escape', Bernie Mac Show Star Camille Winbush Is Not Ashamed Of Joining OnlyFans, Kyle Rittenhouse Faces 2nd Civil Lawsuit, Continues To Beg For Money From His Supporters, Ben Stein's 'Aunt Jemima' Rant Is A Master Class On White Privilege, Why Did tWitch Kill Himself? A new ProPublica Illinois story examines the racist legacy of one such town in Illinois called Anna. Municipalities by County in New Jersey. The Chicago suburb of Cicero was one of the most infamous sundown towns to ever exist in Illinois. Sundown towns in the United States by state, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sundown_towns_in_the_United_States&oldid=1097306229, This page was last edited on 9 July 2022, at 23:35. The sooner they can be declared null and void, then sent to town or state archives, the better. The guide also included newspaper articles and even read like a magazine, with travel essays, how-to manuals, and travel tips. As of 2022, New Jersey is divided into 21 counties and contains 564 municipalities consisting of five types: 253 boroughs, 52 cities, 15 towns, 241 townships, and 3 villages.The largest municipality by population in New Jersey is Newark with 311,549 residents whereas the smallest is Walpack Township with 7 residents. It only takes one incident to direct attention to the police and the target, to distract from a law on the books that could exonerate police who'd know that the target wouldn't have legal means to sue. }, 2000 ) } ); Usually, when we think about sunsets, we arent referring to pain and suffering. "The first thing you need to know about sundown towns, and what Lovecraft Country gets right, is it's not a Southern phenomenon," Loewen tells Yahoo Life. During the brutal Red Summer of 1919, an armed white mob in Corbin, Kentucky, rounded up some 300 Black men, women, and children and violently forced them onto rail cars headed for other towns. They are not suspected sundown towns but are listed for other reasons. Reincorporated as a Borough in 1898. The 2010 United States Census[53] reported that Culver City had a population of 38,883. Sundown towns, or grey towns, were all-white neighborhoods in the United States that used discriminatory local laws, intimidation, or violence to keep their town all-white. In the 1980s my wife, a social worker, visited a nursing home on Sand Mountain, a large mountainous plateau in north Georgia that stretches westward into northeastern . He also specializes in SEO and evergreen content. How about I just continue to live happily with my black neighbors who are as welcome here. The rise of sundown towns made it difficult and dangerous for Blacks to travel long distances by car. As Franklin Township. What Sundown Towns Represent For Black Drivers; Vaccine Demographics : Here & Now Anytime If a community is not safe for Black travelers, especially after dark, it's often called a "sundown town . Sundown towns are all-white communities that intentionally exclude African Americans or other minorities from residing within their boundaries by forced expulsion, violent threats, or economic coercion. These 'sundown towns' were places where, black Americans . By 2014, when . What Is Redlining And How Can It Be Solved? Avon-by-the-Sea borough. Reincorporated as a City in 1917. Historians have found that most sundown towns deliberately hid the means by which they became and remained all-white. But a lot of the places listed there are not sundown towns anymore. Wow, about a hundred in New York State alone: https://sundown.tougaloo.edu/sundowntownsshow.php?state=NY. As Raritan Township. This category has only the following subcategory. Also, make sure that descriptions of the town in state encyclopedias, Wikipedia, etc., acknowledge that it was a sundown town.]. As Matavan Township. Atlantic Highlands borough. As Ocean Beach Borough. I thought the same thing when I saw the university. Avalon borough. Why would I tell you what to do. He is a professional photographer, dog lover, gamer, and has quite the green thumb. B etween 1936 and 1967, the Negro Motorist Green Book was essential for the survival of thousands of Black Americans in an era of segregation cemented into the American legal system through Jim Crow laws, sundown towns where African Americans were under threat of violence after . The name derives from the posted and verbal warnings issued to Blacks that although they might be allowed to work or travel in a community during the daytime, they must leave by sundown. Renamed Delanco in 1926. As North Plainfield Township. More generally, sundown town is used to describe a place where the resident population was through deliberate action made to be overwhelmingly composed of white people. 'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.async=true;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'); Wikimedia CommonsThe Negro Motorist Green Book was developed specifically for helping Black people find a list of places where theyd be welcome in the 1930s because so many sundown towns existed in the U.S. at that time. Reincorporated as a City in 1912. [This list is a work in progress. However, many African Americans also began to leave the South on their own. This site was created by Matt Cheney, revised by OddBird, copyrighted by James W. Loewen and heirs (Nick Loewen), and is maintained by Phil Huckelberry and Stephen Berrey. As Saddle River Township. Avenel. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Sundown towns are just like any other towns in America, she told WBUR in an interview. A still from HBOs horror drama TV series. All Rights Reserved. Your service title . Candace Taylor, an author who spent an entire summer exploring The Negro Travelers Green Book believes these towns are still around and are just tucked away from the mainstream consciousness. Lovecraft Country is a drama horror television series based on Matt Ruff's novel of the same name. Used to be the Green Book - Don't leave home without it. Sundown towns, or grey towns, were all-white neighborhoods in the United States that used discriminatory local laws, intimidation, or violence to keep their town all-white. Plenty of absurd forgotten or unenforced laws still on the books in many towns. James Loewen, a historian who spent years studying sundown towns, found them in the suburbs of Detroit, New York City and Chicago. In 1930, 44 out of the 89 counties that lined Route 66 were all-white communities known as "sundown towns"places that . He has a video lecture, too, but its audio isn't good quality, and takes some effort. Renamed Old Bridge in 1975. Barclay-Kingston. Fill up with gas at the border then cruise on the exact speed limit through the state. One of the first recorded examples of sundown towns in America emerged during the colonial era. He maintains a database of potential sundown towns to this day. The moon shines through clouds along a highway in New Columbia, Ill., near Vienna, Ill., on . We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. The show based on a novel by the same name focused . Either way, email us, and tell us about it. Guy pulls us out and calls back up as they search our car. Police officers routinely drive African-Americans to the outskirts of the city and tell them to leave. But while sundown towns were once thought to have been a shameful relic of the past, some Black travelers maintain that they still exist today in some form. Archaeologists Just Uncovered How The City That Inspired The Biblical Sodom Was Destroyed, Inside Jimmy Carter's UFO Sighting In Georgia Just A Few Years Before He Became President, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. Pine Beach is one of only a handful of towns on this list that has gained population, with a 4 percent increase from 2007-2011. Also choose the page on Oregon to read submitted oral histories from Oregonians about various Sundown Towns in the state. Dr. John Aden is the Executive Director of the African American Historical Society Museum in Fort Wayne. Eventually they let us go but, told us we had to leave or we'd be held in county. There are towns in America right now that are not safe for Black people after darkit is a sad truth. One of the biggest misconceptions about American history is that the South (including any state that once belonged to the Confederacy) was completely backward and racist, and the North (often called The Union during the Civil War) welcomed all races, colors, and creeds. Victor Hugo Green, a Black postman from Harlem, NY set out to change the fate of millions of Blacks looking for safe passage to better lands. More tense and terrifying than the monster jump scares in the episode. It is airing on HBO. But they aren't anymore. Renamed Hampton in 1909. Renamed Elmwood Park in 1973. See how your town fared", "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968", "Merged Municipality Will Be Called Princeton, New Jersey", "NJ about to subtract one of its tiniest towns in rare merger", The 10 tiniest towns in New Jersey (they're really small) November 1, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_municipalities_in_New_Jersey&oldid=1131231177, Largest municipalities in New Jersey by population, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 04:58. Wright State University is located there, and there's a lot of late-night and early-morning activity around that area among people of all skin colors. Ferguson, MO, was a sundown town between 1940 and 1960. Inside The Little-Known History Of Americas Sundown Towns Which Banned Black People After Dark. Give them the option of reaffirming it (essentially passing it again) if they still want it. Virginia Commonwealth University that mapped the Klans, These Are The 10 Most Ghetto Cities In New Jersey, These Are The 10 Worst Places To Live In New Jersey, These Are The 10 Most Boring Places In New Jersey, These Are The 10 Most Dangerous Cities In New Jersey. It's been about 5 years, and the OMA was delighted to collaborate once again with Professor Jean Moule on her course Sundown Towns in Oregon, based on the book Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism by James W. Loewen. HBOA still from HBOs horror drama TV series Lovecraft Country. As Jersey Homesteads Borough. ), live-in servants (in white households), and black or interracial children (in white households) do not violate the taboo. Themes: African American, Racism & Racial Identity, Reconstruction. With unfair housing rules, also came more violence, harassment, and other forms of racial terror such as lynchings, night riding, and other violent acts executed under the cover of night. Just citing stats as to the most current makeup of the population. Vidor, Texas is still openly proud of being a Sundown Town. Bills GM Joins NFL Doctors Optimism, , or grey towns, were all-white neighborhoods, An Act To Prevent Disorders In The Night., the NAACP issued a travel advisory warning, warning was issued in 2020 for San Antonio. ullstein bild/Getty ImagesThe Chicago suburb of Cicero was one of the most infamous sundown towns to ever exist in Illinois. Yeah, those LA suburbs may have been Sundown towns at one point At any point, if they're not checked by law to see that their records as sundown towns are not, Apparently that's not good enough because the poster hasn't read anything formal denying Wikipedia, I certainly made no such accusation of any governor. Then, learn about the racist origins of Oregon. Towns like Utica, Ohio, and Goshen, Ind., are beginning to come to terms with a legacy of racism that has largely evaded history books. Renamed Sussex in 1902. The term arose in the 20th century when towns would allow Black people to work in an area but not reside there. Of course. The guide was published from 1936 to 1966, and at its height of popularity was used by two million people. After just one Black family moved into an apartment there in 1951, a mob of 4,000 white people attacked the entire building. On a backroad going into the Town of Benton in Marshall County, there was the remnants of an old sign proclaiming it being a sundown town when I was a kid. Renamed Saddle Brook in 1955. expunged, they can still "legally" enforce any exclusions they want by LEO's. The 1865-1870s movement sought to overthrow Republican state governments. Its difficult to know exactly how many sundown towns there were in the United States and its almost impossible to come up with a complete list. Its by no means a complete list, but this map of sundown towns is perhaps the most accurate picture of their overwhelming presence. But it was also the home of U.S. Sen. Everett Dirksen, whose support helped ensure the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. It has an active KKK chapter. Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, are all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States that practice a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation, and violence. you couldn't catch me dead in a small Mississippi town as a black person :P glad nothing happened to you ): beyond the trauma of racism, You let him get away with that? I like the idea of any local law or ordinance becoming void if unenforced for a period. Whether its the white vs. black hate crime that we are so used to being part of Americas culture, or todays hate crime (gay bashing), it never seems to end. Dont freak out. It was removed in the later 80s. Sundown towns are a part of our nation's history our somber history of discrimination and racial strife. Yet lynchings have ceased in America. I'd looked into Loewen's books, and hadn't seen his homepage with his tour schedule. historical sundown towns. I thought the 1964 Civil Rights Act killed these off. Below is a chart which lists all cities in New Jersey with KKK organizations from 1915-1940. You can not kill an idea. It's about not allowing any laws to remain on the books as cover for local LEO's, really. Location: New Jersey [This list is a work in progress. As Caldwell Township. The sundown town database is an interactive map where you can select any state and see a list of all its possible current and historic sundown towns. Young white men sneer at civil rights activists as they travel from Montgomery, Alabama to Jackson, Mississippi on the famous Freedom Rides. The ever-growing list of sundown towns became so long that a Black travel writer named Victor Green penned The Negro Motorist Green Book in response. Williams said, The cashier was like, You best not be around here after dark. It is an entire community (or even county) that for decades was all white on purpose. Much appreciated. Sundown towns are communities in which Black people were not welcome. The Midwest has the highest concentration of sundown towns in the U.S. Renamed Lyndhurst in 1917. Reincorporated as a City in 1866. I truly believe it could give Mississippi a run for it's money. [1] As of 2022[update], New Jersey is divided into 21 counties and contains 564[2] municipalities consisting of five types: 253 boroughs, 52 cities, 15 towns, 241 townships, and 3 villages. Although it is difficult to make an accurate count, historians estimate there were up to 10,000 sundown towns in the United States between 1890 and 1960, mostly in the Mid-West and West. Artwork by Brian Britigan. Renamed Hazlet in 1967. This article is an opinion based on facts and is meant as infotainment. Many of the people who relocated were hoping for a better life elsewhere in the United States. Some grow and become more tolerant, and just need ordinances expunged. Vidor had a population of 11440, with .1% AA. This time period would eventually become known as the Jim Crow era. In his book Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of Racism, historian James Loewen describes the ways many American cities and towns have excluded people of color through violence, threats, formal policies, and informal . Renamed Toms River in 2006. Renamed Maple Shade in 1945. The south, central, and northeast parts of the state have a humid subtropical climate, while the . Sundown towns re-entered the spotlight again in 2020 thanks to the HBO series Lovecraft Country. The only safe places in Kentucky that they cant reach you are bowling green, Louisville and Owensboro. As Etna Borough. An article from Magic 95.5 in Ohio also uncovered details of several sundown towns in their state and the history behind them. The book "Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism," written by sociologist James W. Loewen, was originally published in 2005. Click the image of this Sundown Town sign to visit the website of James Loewen and his research on Sundown Towns across the country. Renamed Rochelle Park in 1929. The horror is really only the last five minutes (At lead in the first episode). I guess the internets fills the void these days. They're down now, but in too many towns that hate lives on. The second movement (1915 1944) saw millions of members of the KKK form, which was opposed to immigration into America, especially against Catholics and Jews. You can assess the information provided to form your own determination as to whether the town is a confirmed sundown town. However, like some other "recovering" sundown towns, it still displayed "second generation sundown town problems", in this case an overwhelmingly white police force .

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