from the cape to cairo cartoon analysis

N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. All this for politicsis civilization advancing? Victor Gillam,Judge, February 3, 1900. Appelbaum, Stanley. Bickers, Robert A. and R. G. Tiedemann, editors (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007). Uncle Sam breaks up a fight between students identified as Cuban Ex-Patriot and Guerilla in his New Class in the Art of Self-Government. The famous white-haired general, Mximo Gmez, a master of insurgency tactics in the Cuban Independence War (18951898) reads a book with his name on it. Page updated: 730-735 (2008). Whom or what did you include or leave out of the image? Title from item. If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. Twains most celebrated anti-imperialist essay, To the Person Sitting in Darkness, was published in the February, 1901 issue of the North American Review. | Illustration shows Britannia standing with an injured landowner and an African man, showing them a view of the future when "Enlightened Government" comes to South Africa after 1 print : chromolithograph. Though the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut," states that progress must be pursued despite suffering on both sides. The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. John Bull, whose portliness stood for prosperity, has joined with Uncle Sam to swallow the globe. As the U.S. moved into the Pacific, Chinas millions represented an enticing new market, but the eruption of the anti-Christian, anti-foreign Boxer movement threatened the civilizing mission there. He offers each student a dealif they both sign a statement admitting to . Now clad in armor and carrying a spear, she threatens to intervene to stop the anti-foreign, anti-Christian acts of anarchy, murder, and riot that have spread to Beijing. In Vebers rendering of Les Progrs de la Science (The Advancement of Science), Boer prisoners of war are being shocked by an electric fence to the amusement of British troops on the other side. When applied to people and cultures, the survival of the fittest doctrine gave wealthy, technologically-advanced countries not only the right to dominate backward nations, but an imperative and duty to bring them into the modern world. Indeed, the visual record was, in its unique way, more powerfulmore literally graphicthan words alone could ever be. The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling). Victor Gillam,Judge, April 1, 1899. The artist George Benjamin Luts offered an exceptionally scathing rendering of the linkage of conquest, commerce, and censorship in an 1899 cartoon titled The Way We Get the War News: The Manila Correspondent and the McKinley Censorship. Published in a short-lived radical periodical, The Verdict, the cartoon shows a war correspondent in chains, writing his story under the direction of military brass. record ("About This Item") with your request. He talks to each student separately and tells them that he is sure that they shared answers, but he cannot be sure who copied from whom. Cartoonists portrayed Wilhelm II with increasing venom as a perpetrator of violence through World War I. Coinciding with the British reconquest of the Sudan was this cartoon drawn by Joseph Keppler, a frequent contributor to the American political satire and humor magazine, Puck. Uncle Sam, armed and dangerous, cocks an eyebrow as he displays his handiwork: countless dead Filipino soldiers laid out in rows. Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribo. The White (!) It would have been the largest and most important railway of that continent. The cartoon links might with right, as the cannon is pushed and dragged forward by clergy identified by their headgear: skullcap, biretta, clerical hat, top hat, and distinctive English-style shovel hat. Source:Bibliothque nationale de France, In this cartoon from the French special issue on concentration camps in the Boer War, a gaunt Britannia is the only living creature in a vast graveyard for dead British soldiers. Source: Bibliothque nationale de France, British soldiers laugh at the spectacle of Boer prisoners of war being shocked by an electric fence. 1900. ), In an image titled, Vers le Camp de Reconcentration (To the Concentration Camp), women and children are dragged off by British soldiers. Co., Puck Bldg. - Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Source: Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts, Yale University, A white, feminine personification of Civilization (written on her cloak) radiates light over the aged figure of China (written on his hem) running away and shielding himself with a parasol. color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of The aggressors brought progress in the form of modern technology, communications, and Western dress and culture. Office hours: By appointment only. In the civilization narrative, barbarians were commonly identified as the non-Western, non-white, non-Christian natives of the less-developed nations of the world. The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum, CGACGA, The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum, Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University, CGACGA, The Ohio State University, Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum, William H. Walker Cartoon Collection, Princeton University Library, The Ohio State University Cartoon Research Library. He was the fifth son of Francis William Rhodes and his second wife, Louisa Peacock. Source: Bibliothque nationale de France. Ellen Sebring is an artist, filmmaker, and for a decade was the Creative director of the Visualizing Cultures project at M.I.T. , 1902. Anticipated U.S. exports appear on signs that advertise the rich market awaiting American manufacturers. And yet Uncle Sam is always giving money to save the Heathen. Samuel D. Ehrhart,Puck, September 8, 1897. In a run of 13 lithographs published in the July 4, 1900 issue of the French periodical LAssiette au Beurre, the cartoonist Ren Georges Hermann-Paul was especially incisive in calling attention to this grim reality. Generic names on the gravestones are coupled with places of origin, including England, Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, Gibraltar, India, Ceylon, and Egypt, indicating the diversity of those recruited to fight and die for the British Empire. View Rhodes_cartoon_analysis+FINAL.docx from HIS 123 at Duval Charter School at Baymeadows. The North American Review. The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. Western missionaries had penetrated the interior, and the missions they established disrupted village traditions. Thomas Theodor Heine. Address of Pope Barrow to the Daughters of the American revolution. Are our teachings, then, in vain?" In the United States, the Boer War, conquest of the Philippines, and Boxer Uprising prompted large, detailed, sophisticated, full-color cartoons in Puck and Judge. Christian missionaries often led the way, followed by politicians, troops, andbringing up the rearbusinessmen. Although Wilhelm II was famous for introducing the concept of a yellow peril, Germanys major colonial possessions were in Africa. Almost thou persuadest me to be a ChristianActs xxvi, 28. William H. Walker,Life, April 25, 1901. No blow has been struck except for liberty and humanity, and none will be.William McKinley. W. A. Rogers,Harpers Weekly, July 28, 1900. Stark images such as these helped make public a subject that was generally suppressed. The Harvest in the Philippines. Frederick Thompson Richards,Life, July 6, 1899. From road troubles to the political plight, those who brave this journey will leave the continent a true child of the soil. Ugly and shocking scenes of violence in 19th-century American life are ironically captioned as refined and elegant to challenge the self-image of a nation contributing cash to save the heathen of foreign lands while ignoring its own barbarity. For example, the light of civilization literally illuminated vicious, helpless, or clueless barbarians. Includes bibliographical references and index. Source:Library of Congress. On February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. N.Y. : J. Ottmann Lith. The Real Trouble Will Come with the Heine provided Simplicissimus with what has become a justly famous image: an armed knight, representing the West, pours a torrent of blood over Asia, while his sword drips blood on Africa. Although the completion of a railroad spanning the length of Africa was looking less likely, segments of the Cape-to-Cairo Railroad were becoming increasingly important to Rhodesia's economic development. Americas recent subjugated populations are savage, unruly, and rebelliousliterally visually half devil and half child, as Kipling would have it. The image is ironically paired with a quote attributed to an Official Report to the War Office that says iron railing through which an electric current runs makes the healthiest and safest fences., Les Progrs de la Science (The Advances of Science). Jacobs joined the Cape of Good Hope SPCA this week. Orig. The Pigtail Has Got to Go. Louis Dalrymple,Puck, October 19, 1898. To the Person Sitting in Darkness addressed Great Britains Boer War as well as the Philippine conquest and Boxer intervention. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2010652189/. The angel of peace and caption suggest that their joint strength will bring about world peace. U.S. regiments were transported from the Philippines to join the Allied force. Chinas hapless young Manchu emperor, traditionally and exotically robed, sits passively in the foreground. | Print shows John Bull attempting to reassure Uncle Sam that the storm clouds labeled "Philippine Complications" blowing in from the right will soon pass; he gestures toward 1 print : chromolithograph. The words "Striding from Cape Town to Cairo . Dr Natheem Jacobs was stabbed at his home in Garlandale, Athlone. The turn-of-the-century visual record tells us otherwise. N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. The humanity of our soldiers is admirable and does not tire despite the ferocity of the Boers (Official Report to the War Office. Source:Library of Congress. Photograph. 1345 (1902 December 10), centerfold. In May 1900, for example, artist William Bengough scathingly debunked a speech by President McKinleyonce again justifying the U.S. actions in taking of the Philippines by forceby depicting him as a parson standing on the face of a dead Filipino. Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. The Origins of the Boxer Uprising(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987). Title from item. What did the public back home know about the fighting of these far-off wars? title not id. https://www.loc.gov/item/2010652189/. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Imperialism--British--1900-1910, - The word "Civilization" (with a capital C), alongside Progress, was counterposed against the words barbarism, barbarians, and barbarity, with accompanying visual stereotypes. Study Resources. The Philippines are diminished as Only the Stepping-Stone that enables the U.S. to reach the eagerly anticipated China market. What historical event or imperialist practice is this referencing? Uncle Sam and John Bull, as fellow soldiers, survey the globe from a parapet. Le Royaume-Uni (United Kingdom) Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Library of Congress Duplication Services. The title of the cartoon calls attention to the barbarous uses of much modern technology and so-called progress., les prisonniers bors ont t runis en de grands enclos o depuis 18 mois ils trouvent le repos et le calme. in: Puck, v. 52, no. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and in: Puck, v . Link to other styles, U.S. President - 1st Term (September 1901-February 1905), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Presence of a German fleet lent evidence to one of the justifications the U.S. gave for war with Spain, that is, to protect the Philippines from takeover by a rival major power. How such uncivilized behavior fit the rhetoric of the civilizing mission is the subject of the Life cartoon, A Red-Letter Day. Against a backdrop of distant flames, a Filipino mansympathetically drawn as tall, handsome, and heroic in contrast to the usual caricature of a tiny, expressionless savage in a grass skirtis questioned by a clergyman. Militarily beneath notice by the major European powers, and able to resolve conflicts with Britain in the Western Hemisphere diplomatically, there was little pressure for a strong military in the U.S. With minimal military expenditures, the U.S. economy grew rapidly. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. Vol 172 (February 1901). Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. For guidance about compiling full citations consult Library of Congress Duplication Services. This military dimension of the multi-ethnic United Kingdom is often forgotten. Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Along with his burden of steel, trains, sewing machines, and other industrial goods, Uncle Sam carries a book titled Education, Religion in a nod to the rhetoric of moral uplift that accompanied the commercial goals of the civilizing mission. The Laureate of Empire.Raritan: A Quarterly Review. Japan is introduced in this 1899 cartoon as the lone Asian nation in the imperialist circle of world powers. Brown, Frederick. Published in April 27, 1898, the first cartoon calls the monumental warship The Sphinx of the Period: an unknown quantity in modern warfare. About a month later, a June 1 graphic picks up on the Sphinx metaphor and declares The American Battle-Ship is No Longer an Unknown Quantity. A pugnacious sailor and sweeping U.S. flag have replaced the inscrutable sphinx; guns are smoking, the Spanish fleet lies sunken below. It ends with a stranger entering the church and delivering a devastating description of the carnage experienced by invaded countries. John Bull Good 'evins! Her breakthrough was in 1998 with the first episodes of the animated television series (Bakkar) by Cairo Cartoon. Source: Houghton Library, Harvard University. (DOI:10.1080/14664658.2011.559749), Twain, Mark. Source:Library of Congress. The Maine had been dispatched to Cuba to support an indigenous insurrection against Spain. Although applicable for all exam boards the. The image appeared in the June 27, 1901 issue of LAssiette au Beurre by Steinlen titled, A Vision de Hugo, 18021902. The full mural decries the bloodshed of colonial warfare in Turkey, China, and Africa. This was followed by the invasion and takeover of Puerto Rico. History of Animation in Egypt. War on Earth. Colonial success is equated with chivalry and invincibility., A Union in the Interest of Humanity Civilization. The backdrop to the scene, a large Map of the United States and Neighboring Countries, attests to the new position the U.S. has taken in the world, with its overseas territories marked by U.S. flags. In the rest of the continent, the Belgians brutally dealt with uprisings in the Congo; and the German government gobbled up what practically was the last "free" land for colonials in southwest Africa. Smith, Arthur Henderson. Driven by competition with each other and economic pressures at home, the worlds major powers ventured to ever-distant lands to spread their religion, culture, power, and sources of profits. 12, Issue 1, pp. The French leftwing magazine LAssiette au Beurre (The Butter Plate) had a substantive run from April, 1901 to October, 1912. The following year, Life cartoonist William H. Walker evoked the horror of the Allied intervention in China in a graphic captioned, Almost thou persuadest me to be a ChristianActs xxvi, 28. A Chinese man falls off his chair, the Bible at his feet, laughing at Uncle Sams duplicity in preaching Christianity while showing a bloody panorama of Allied soldiers executing and marauding on a screen. Source and Registration#: Created by Joseph Keppler, Professor of Iranian and Central Asian History and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago, Outreach Coordinator, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Chicago, The Middle East as Seen Through Foreign EyesTwentieth and Twenty-First CenturiesImage Resource Bank, 2010 The Oriental Institute, The University of Chicago | The Forbidden Book: The Philippine-American War in Political Cartoons(San Francisco: TBoli Pub. U.S. Tuffnell, Stephen. The foothold in the Philippines brought China within reach. The two allies had been embroiled in lengthy wars with costly and devastating effects on the populations in Africa and Asia. (1902) From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. Most viewers will probably agree that there is nothing really comparable in the contemporary world of political cartooning to the drafting skill and flamboyance of these single-panel graphics, which appeared in such popular periodicals as Puck and Judge. But rivalries for commercial privileges never abated even when an eight-nation Allied military force was forged between the world powers in the summer of 1900. The Boer War Remembered.The Journal of Historical Review, Vol. President McKinley at the Conference of Foreign Missions. The fallen man clasps the flag of the Philippine independence movement, inscribed with the words Give Us Liberty. His hat quotes the most famous phrase in the U.S. On May 1a month before the celebratory second magazine cover reproduced here was publishedCommodore George Dewey destroyed a Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the Philippines. The large Map of the United States and Neighboring Countries is dotted with U.S. flags marking newly-acquired territories. Rhodes measures with the telegraphic line the distance from Cape Town (at his right foot) in South Africa to Cairo (at his left foot) in Egypt, illustrating his broader "Cape to Cairo" concept for further colonial expansion in Africa. To maintain its position in the international balance of power, Britain needed allies. Beyond flat-out aggression and repression, the common thread that linked the imperialist powers, in Twains critique, was the hypocrisy of expansionist rhetoric about Civilization and Progress. (He itemized the virtues that supposedly animated this white mans burden as Love, Justice, Gentleness, Christianity, Protection of the Weak, Temperance, Law and Order, Liberty, Equality, Honorable Dealing, Mercy, and Education.) The February 1901 essay opens with the satirical observation that: Extending the Blessings of Civilization to our Brother who Sits in Darkness has been a good trade and has paid well, on the whole; and there is money in it yet, if carefully workedbut not enough, in my judgement, to make any considerable risk advisable. Weekly: https://gmu.zoom.us/meeting/tJYsf-6hpzooHtCcgUHFQlJ5Hy13bvsr3WDv/ics?icsToken=98tyKuCqrzMtE92Ush2DRowQBYqgKPPxmH5Bgrd-nxjQKwZibimjHvsTYbBpA8qD. Source:Library of Congress, This rueful cartoon places Confucius and Jesus side-by-side and laments the failure of all parties to practice what they preach. America in the China Relief Expedition(Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberly publishing company, 1903). Translated from Russian. Oer The Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave? On May 1, the U.S. Navy scored its first major victory in foreign watersfar from assured given the weakness of the American fleet at the timeby defeating Spanish warships defending their longtime Pacific colony in the Battle of Manila Bay. On November 29, 1892, while on a visit to London, Rhodes made a speech in which he dramatically announced that he intended to extend the Colony's telegraphic connections across the entire continent - not only to Lake Tanganyika and Uganda, but through the fundamentalist Islamic Sudan and all the way to British Cairo. Auto-Truck of Civilization and Trade: the Asia Market. 1900. What are the motivations/justifications for this anti-imperialism? advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served. [p. 199], The Way We Get the War News. Britain stepped in to defend the rights of the immigrants, known as uitlanders (foreigners) to the Boers. Illustrated by A. D. McCormick, with fold-out color map. Reports of the Boxer attacks seeped out of the beleaguered area and misinformation spread, like this headline in the New York Times on July 30: Wave of Massacre Spreads over China. "MOJ 75-A 495": intended for microfilm. An iron railing through which an electric current runs is the healthiest and safest of fences. Confucius, Missionary banner (Allied forces flags): Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them. Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the The boats crossing their chests, labeled Suez Canal and Managua Canal, show the importance of efficient naval and shipping routes through their distended realms. 6 reviews. The addition of an exclamation point in the caption, The White (!) Missionaries preaching the Gospel in rural China violated local religious practices. Looming on the left, the Eastern Question refers to the long-standing British confrontation with Russia in the Balkans that would soon extend to conflict over Britains Cape to Cairo strategy in Africa. Other graphic techniques were used by cartoonists to communicate this message. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as By the 1890s, the U.S. began to revitalize both its commercial and naval fleets. Murphy, Erin L. "Women's Anti-Imperialism, 'The White Man's Burden,' and the Philippine-American War,"The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 367-373 (1998). For example, the light of civilization literally illuminated vicious, helpless, or clueless barbarians. The Cape to Cairo Railway was an unfinished project to create a railway line crossing Africa from south to north. And, more subtly yet, it reflected the shift from the nations agrarian roots toward global engagement. Boxer attacks on Western infrastructure and the siege of foreign diplomats in Beijing gave the international powers a pretext for entering China with military force. On June 17, while the fate of Seymour and his men remained unknown to the outside world, Allied navies attacked and captured the forts at Taku. Postwar industrialization and the introduction of new commodities such as steel and electricity gradually transformed the agrarian nation. "To the Person Sitting in Darkness." Caricature published in the newspaper Punch, 10 December 1892 Imprint: [ca. It was the anti-imperialist cartoonists, however, who most starkly posed the question: who is the real barbarian? Source:CGACGA, The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum. Vol. 1 print : chromolithograph. The caption at their feet exclaims United We Stand for Civilization and Peace!, 'United We Stand for Civilization and Peace! Louis Dalrymple,Puck, June 8, 1898.

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