The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Key elements of the SR-71s design made this possible. There is no air in space for an air breathing aircraft. But lately, rather than relying on big, expensive supercomputers, more and more scientists are turning to a different method for their number-crunching needs: distributed supercomputing. With that being said, within the next few years, a working prototype is expected to be launched but the SR-71 could easily fly at heights of 25,000 metres, making it perfect for reconnaissance from a safe distance. John Davison Rockefeller Sr. Vitamin D accumulates in excess fat tissues but is not easily available for use by the body when needed. The pilot on that flight, 31-year-old Captain Harold B. We crossed the Atlantic Ocean at Mach 3.2, which equates to about 2,200 mph. SR-71s are still the world's fastest and highest-flying production aircraft. Both crew members have to be constantly alert to make sure everything is performing the way it should. Here comes the reading that likely marks the slowest speed ever flown by a Blackbird. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. SR-71 BLACKBIRD Dryden Flight Research Center Document: FS-1994-11-030-DFRC Modified: June 1996; . High in the sunlit silence. Altitude in Horizontal Flight: 85,068.997 ft (25,929.031 meters) SR-71A (Tail #963). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? Their historic September 13 flight would stretch across seven time zones and take almost twice as long as the New YorktoLondon dash. The SR-71 was one of the first aircraft to get hugely noticeable difference in its ability to stay "invisible" to radar. Springing from the earlier Lockheed A-12 designed in. This Russian aircraft was designed for air . How fast can the SR-71 fly from coast to coast? National Security. This is almost seven times the speed of sound. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Yes, there actually was a time when television didnt operate 24 hours a day. The first prototype of the SR-71A was completed in 1959, and it made its maiden flight on May 15th 1960. Top Speed: 1,600 mph (Mach 2.35) The Su-27 (NATO reporting name: Su-27 Flanker) is a Soviet -origin twin-engine supermaneuverable fighter aircraft capable of achieving the speed of Mach 2.35. Amazing stories of the Cold War's ultimate spy plane The Lockheed SR-71 was a product of airplane maker Lockheed's Skunk Works, a secretive project which came up with some of the world's most. The fastest published speed of the SR is Mach 3.5. Speed, altitude and stealth were major factors in keeping the SR-71 safe because Hanoi was ringed with the latest SAMs provided by the Soviets. Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, Stories from Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, A journey of invention and discovery For comparison sake, a typical passenger plane has the ability to make the trip from Los Angeles to Washington D.C.in roughly 4 and a half hours not counting take-off or landing times. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. How fast can the SR-71 fly from coast to coast? After he was deployed to Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina following the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, he flew one of his most memorable SR-71 missionsa 10-hour 20-minute round trip to the Middle East requiring five aerial refuelingsfor which he and his backseater were awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. There is no limitation on rate of deceleration while below Mach 1.8. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The plane was so good that by the time the enemy detected the aircraft, the SR-71 was already on its way out of the enemy territory. The SR-71 engines fly continuously in afterburner, except when refueling. What follows is the story of the fastest jet known to man. The SR-71 saw a brief retirement in 1989 before the U.S. government revived the aircraft in 1993 amid concerns of threats stemming from the Middle East and North Korea. It was retired from USAF service in 1999. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. * We will now add 610.8479529 + 400.078074 (minutes) to get the total time it would realistically take for the SR-71 to circumnavigate the globe. Since 1970 Soviet army has SAM, capable to destroy target as SR-71 with ease. After landing the Blackbird, Shul noted that we were both certain he was reaching for our wings. with CERN, NASA, and more than 100 museums around the world. Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird: AfterburnerSmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum. The tires, which retract into the wings during flight, also have to keep from melting. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This little skunk is the official logo of the Lockheed secret projects factory, nicknamed Skunk Works. The Lockheed factory was adjacent to an industrial plastics plant, which let off a terrible odor, thus the name. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Kelly Johnson was the chief designer of the SR-71. On the morning of September 13, the weather over Britain was perfect, and takeoff was right on time. The Falcon 2000XL can also accommodate 19 passengers and two crew members on board. Noel Philips 380K subscribers Join Subscribe 25K 1.5M views 3 years ago I followed in Phileas Fogg's footsteps by Flying Around The World in 80. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird is the fastest jet aircraft in the world, reaching speeds of Mach 3.3--that's more than 3,500 kph (2,100 mph) and almost four times as fast as the average. There are several factors that limit the speed of the SR, one is the shock waves generated by various parts of the plane, at around Mach 3.6- 3.8 the shock wave off the nose of the aircraft narrows enough to go into the engine, while there . The SR-71 generates 316 C (600 F) temperatures on its external surfaces, which are enough to melt conventional aluminum airframes. They think that hypersonic technology will continue to advance, allowing us to create new generations of hypersonic aircraft in the near future. No other U.S. Air Force aircraft could fly faster or higher than the Lockheed SR-71 "Blackbird," and on its final flight, it set a truly impressive record . The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content. Mission preparation for the record flight was pretty straightforward. Time: 1hr 54 min 56.4 secs. But your brain doesnt comprehend it like that. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney J58 turbojets, the first flight of a Blackbird took place on December 22nd, 1964. It looks an awful lot like an SR-71 except it only has one seat. Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. On one occasion, the SR-71 reached a record speed of 3.539,6 km/h (2.199 mph), roughly Mach 3.3. World Absolute and World Class Altitude Record for Horizontal Flight 85,069 feet, surpassing the previous record of 80,257 feet set by a Lockheed YF12A in June of 1965. These four speed records were accepted by the National Aeronautic Association (NAA), the recognized body for aviation records in the United States. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. To help me remember and to keep my attention focused on what I wanted to do, I began adding a black grease pencil + sign to all of the 3s on the fire code posters. Retired in 1990, after more. The SR-71 can fly at maximum speed of mach 3.3 or 3540 km/h. The weather was almost at opposite ends of the spectrum. Like some low-level hallucinatory experience, your mind trips out; perceiving the static image as the mouth of a black tunnel thats moving towards you. The same day another SR-71 set an absolute speed record of 3,529.6 kilometers per hour (2,193.2 miles per hour), approximately Mach 3.3. Lockheed Corporation was responsible for designing the SR-71, while North American Aviation Incorporated were responsible for building the aircraft. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Talk, chat, hang out, and stay close with your friends and communities. Your email address will not be published. How fast could the SR-71 go around the world? However, even in a scenario where a missile is chasing a slower fighter jet, it can outrun the missile. A wonderful aviation poem was written the early days of powered flight. SR71 Blackbird Model M-21: maximum speed: 2211miles/h Generally, the given answer for all models of the SR71 is: "In excess of Mach 3", or more than . The fastest fighter jet in the world today is the MiG-25 Foxbat, with a top speed of 2,190mph, half the speed of the X-15. While the SR-71A received the most flight hours overall, the SR-71B 61-7956 flew the most hours of any individual Blackbird, reaching 3,967.5 hours total. The speed was limited by structural temperature restrictions. Amazon Associates - Amazon Associates Program. The SR-72 program was canceled in 1992 when the US Congress passed legislation prohibiting the manufacture of new spy planes. As Orson Wells recited this poem with his marvellously deep and resonant voice, the final TV pictures for the day were that a T-38 dashing in and out of clouds and doing aileron rolls, etc. While the skunk logo on the SR-71s tail didnt help it reach peak speeds, it is part of the aircrafts unique history. Not to be outdone, do take note that the Lockheed Martin SR-72, also known as the Son of Blackbird, is currently in development, which will likely boast even greater speeds. Its maximum takeoff weight is 13,400 kg (29,483 lb), but it only carries enough fuel for about 4 hours of flight time. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These prototypes featured improved wings and a redesigned cockpit. On July 9, 1976, he made his first flight in the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, and then went on to fly more than 60 operational SR-71 missions. The Dungeon Master (also known as the DM) is the . World Absolute and World Class Altitude Record for Horizontal Flight - 85,069 feet, surpassing the previous record of 80,257 feet set by a Lockheed YF12A in June of 1965. What was the fastest plane before the SR-71? Key elements of the SR-71's design made this possible. Eldon Joersz and Maj. George Morgan, Jr. We also covered details of the flight route itself and all the events that we could expect along that route. The SR-71 Blackbird could fly through any airspace in the world with near impunity. I was given a cease and desist order and one by one, he began erasing my unauthorized + signs. Follow or contact him on LinkedIn. The Lockheed SR-71 was a long range, Mach 3+ strategic reconnaissance aircraft that first flew in 1964 and entered service with the United States Air Force (USAF) in 1966. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The most popular Wiki articles have been edited thousands of times, reflecting the very latest research, insights, and up-to-the-minute information. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Key elements of the SR-71's design made this possible. Tour of the SR-71Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, Tour the Blackbird with one of its pilots or see it in person at the Museum. Humiliated: Russia Tries to Claim Ukraine Launched War Against Us, Putins Big Mistake: Bakhmut Might Actually Be a Big Defeat for Russia in Ukraine, Enter Operation Bolo: The F-4 Phantom Gets Revenge in Vietnam, The Vulcan Bomber Would Have Been Sent to War Against Russia. We met in the bar and had a few drinks (as a real, live, dyed-in-the-wool teetotaler, I assume I was drinking grapefruit juice or 7-Up). Our API is powered by neural networks trained on tens of thousands of videos, and can output results at massive scale, on the fly. It was designed to travel at just over 3 times the speed of sound and the Pratt & Whitney J58 engine was designed to facilitate continuous supersonic speed. What Are Key Design Features Of The Sr-71? Ethen Kim Lieser is a Washington state-based Science and Tech Editor who has held posts at Google, The Korea Herald, Lincoln Journal Star, AsianWeek, and Arirang TV. Essex-Class Aircraft Carriers: The U.S. Navys Best Flattop. There were many added + signs around the base that the very diligent safety officer in 493rd Tactical Fighter Squadron actually called the base fire marshal to get information about this new classification. When he was told there was no such thing as a code 3+, he finally figured it out and started looking for me. The Lockheed SR-71, designed in secrecy in the late 1950s, was able to cruise near the edge of space and outfly a missile. He went into his descent profile and headed back to the test site.. A total of 52 SR-71 remained on active duty after the end of the Cold War, but only six are still operational today. The view from inside an SR-71 at 73,000 feet, never succumbing to enemy fire during any of its missions, make the trip from Los Angeles to Washington D.C.in roughly 4 and a half hours, What is the Hyperloop? Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It blew out both inlets as it had a dual unstart. In order to calculate the SR-71s range, we will assume that the surrounding environment is fully stable, which includes, Barometric Pressure, Wind Speed and minimal drag due to air density. How high could the Blackbirds fly? Individually, these volunteer computers aren't particularly powerful, but if you string enough of them together, their collective power can easily eclipse that of any centralized supercomputer -- and often for a fraction of the cost. In a 1994 book titled The Untouchables, Brian Shul writes about his experience as a pilot of Lockheeds SR-71 he even refers to the position as being a sled driver. Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird: Pressure SuitSmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum. When I arrived back to Lakenheath, I was really pumped up and excited about the prospects of being selected to fly the SR-71. According to Lockheed Martin, the SR-71 has an empty weight of 12,220 kg (27,162 lb). Springing from the earlier Lockheed A-12 designed in Project Oxcart, the SR-71 was sleek, aerodynamic, and, consequently, fast. The author is John Gillespie Magee Jr. How high does an SR-71 spy plane really travel? It set a record of 2,193.2 miles per hour (3,530 kilometers per hour) at Beale Air Force Base in California back in 1976. For this reason, the Blackbird was retired from the Air Force in 1988. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Anyway, according to Lockheed (who designed and built them) the A-12 Oxcart was officially able to fly at 95,000ft and at 2,221 mph or at Mach 3.35. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Their historic September 13 flight would stretch across seven time zones and take almost twice as long as the New YorktoLondon dash. It was over twenty years ago the Lockheed SR-71 "Blackbird" was retired by the United States Air Force, and while surveillance satellites can provide that eye in the sky for intelligence gathering there is still a need for such high flying, ultra-fast aircraft. The worlds fastest piloted aircraft first flew on 22 December 1964, at a speed of 2,193 mph, the SR-71 still holds the record as the worlds fastest stealth aircraft. To this day, it holds the records for the highest altitude in horizontal flight and the fastest speed for a non-rocket powered aircraft. Many already know that the SR-71 spy plane was designed to cruise at Mach 3-plusor more than 2,200 miles per hourbut there is one particular question that often does not get asked: Whats the slowest speed ever registered by a Blackbird? The SR-71 Blackbird could fly through any airspace in the world with near impunity. Numerous SR-71 pilots have anecdotally reported higher speeds during missions and other unrecorded flights, and there is no way to be certain who was truly the fastest of all time. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. SR-71 activities at Dryden were part of NASAs overall high-speed aeronautical research program and involved other NASA research Centers, other government agencies, universities, and commercial firms. Reaching a maximum speed in excess of Mach 3.3 or above 2,500 mph. Adams and Machorek had covered nearly 5,447 miles at an average speed of 1,435.59 mph. Assigned to the Pentagon in 1983-84, Carpenter was the Air Force's "Black World" programmer, overseeing funding for the F-117, B-2, and F-22 programs. Some experts believe that this will be the case for the foreseeable future. For both of us, it was like going home. So how fast is the SR-71? This was an indicator of the potential the Blackbird would realize with the U.S. Air Force. The SR-71 has a long, slender fuselage that tapers toward the rear. Less than two weeks later, the same airplane made a long-distance sprint from London to Los Angeles in record time. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Upgrade your lifestyleDigital Trends helps readers keep tabs on the fast-paced world of tech with all the latest news, fun product reviews, insightful editorials, and one-of-a-kind sneak peeks. It was capable of carrying out missions over the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. James V. Sullivan (Left) and Maj. Noel Widdifield set a new world speed record on Sept. 1, 1974, flying the SR-71 from New York to London in less than two hours. City & Guilds Be the first to review this product Paperback Other Formats $ 71.30 Or 4 payments of $17.82 with Add to Cart Free delivery for orders over $60.00 Add to Favourites Sourced from our Overseas Supplier Delivered in 10 - 18 daysPass Your electrical exam. Soviet pilots also claim a MiG-31 intercepted the SR-71 in 1986, however, the interceptor did not engage the aircraft. If anyone has a good claim to the record, though, it is Jim Eastman, a former Air Force test pilot, who claimed to have clocked in at Mach 3.56, or just under twenty-four hundredmiles per hour. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. How high can a Blackbird plane fly? And Meta, the not-too-long-ago rebranded Facebook, may just have the answer. This nozzle would allow the pilot to control the amount of airflow entering the engine, thus controlling how much power the engine produced. Whether they produced battlefield images of the dead or daguerreotype portraits of common soldiers, []. Original Reporting. The SR-71s unusual shape was designed to reduce drag during supersonic flight. The unique shape, combined with materials used to coat the airframe, gave the Blackbird impressively low radar signature. In 1964 an Ohio woman took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance. It does not store any personal data. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZ5c2d42MyU, Flying The FASTEST Jet Plane In The World Legendary SR-71 Blackbird (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZ5c2d42MyU). Former SR-71 pilot Lieutenant Colonel (Ret) Gil Bertelson recalls in Richard H. Graham bookSR-71 Blackbird Stories, Tales and Legends: When I first joined the SR-71 program there was one permanent operating location for SR-71s at Kadena AB. I need to back up about a year and a half to set the stage as to why they seemed intent on pushing that particular question. On one occasion, I arranged to meet several ofmy F-111 friendsat Lakenheath Officers Club for dinner. How fast can the SR-71 fly around the world? The SR-71 could reach altitudes up to 85,000 ft (25,900 m), making it one of the highest flying manned aircraft in history. It took close to a year to iron out all the kinks, but in January 1966 the first SR-71 entered USAF service. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Upward of 17,000 new articles are added to Wikipedia each month, while tweaks and modifications are continuously made to its existing corpus of articles. How long did it take the SR-71 to cross the US? Additionally, Air & Space/Smithsonian reported that the Air Force clocked the SR-71 at one point in its flight reaching 2,242.48 miles per hour (3,608.92 km/h). The first 53 minutes of the mission were all subsonic because we flew up off the coast and refueled with three tankers, and then accelerated to altitude. We were returning from a mission over Europe and the Iron Curtain when we received a radio transmission from home base.. In 1963, the Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin a contract to build four additional prototypes of the SR-71B. The A-12 that would ultimately lead to the missile-packing Mach 3 interceptor YF-12 and the missile-defeating legend that is the SR-71 first took to the skies in 1962 under the CIA's banner in what was dubbed Project Oxcart. The pilot on that flight, 31-year-old Captain Harold B. The Lockheed SR-71, designed in secrecy in the late 1950s, was able to cruise near the edge of space and outfly a missile. The SR-71 program began in 1958 when Lockheed Martin engineers were looking for ways to increase the speed of their U-2 spy plane. Expensive to maintain and fly, the SR-71 was retired from the Air Force in 1990. . via 19FortyFive. 3 What was the fastest plane before the SR-71? The exhaust from the SR-71s jet engines creates a diamond pattern. Im sure our hands were getting a good workoutpilots gesticulate a lot! Although the SR-71 does not look like a conventional airplane, it actually resembles a scaled down version of a Boeing 707 jet airliner. Every SR crew lobbied long and hard to get on the schedule for Mildenhall. You know the part in High Flightwhere it talks about putting out your hand to touch the face of God? Well, I added, when were at speed and altitude in the SR, we have to slow down and descend in order to do that., So, the words out. 8 Who was the youngest person to fly the SR-71? The SR-71 was so fast, on a record run from London to Los Angeles the super-plane arrived almost four hours before it left. The poem is as follows: Oh, I have slipped the surly bonds of earth. This means that the SR-71 must not attain 767.269 Miles per hour or above as it descends in 3 minutes, essentially this means that it should loose a maximum speed of 767.269 mph Within a timeframe of 3 minutes. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. This allowed the SR-71 to cruise at Mach 3.0 or faster for extended periods of time. Once we left Mildenhall we flew southeast, turned and came across London going northeast at the timing gate [the beginning of the official time recorded for the speed record], recalled Adams. Commercial Photography: How To Get The Right Shots And Be Successful, Nikon Coolpix P510 Review: Helps You Take Cool Snaps, 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Marshmallow, Technological Advancements: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives (In A Bad Way), 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Lollipop, Awe-Inspiring Android Apps Fabulous Five, IM Graphics Plugin Review: You Dont Need A Graphic Designer, 20 Best free fitness apps for Android devices. He also piloted B-52 bombers during the Vietnam War, logging 137 combat missions over Southeast Asia between the two aircraft. However, there is no current plan to develop a new generation of hypersonic aircraft. Thousands of products are in stock for turbine powered aircraft. During its service life, no SR-71 was ever shot down. Ive topped the windswept heights with easy grace, And while with silent, lifting mind Ive trod, Put out my hand, and touched the face of God., Back to the O Club again. Sorry, an error occurred during subscription. History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. The SR-71 along with the YF-12 and the A-12 are air breathing powered turbo-ram jets. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". SR-71 Spy Plane: Under Speed Limit. The total time for the record flight was 3 hours, 47 minutes and 39 seconds. It's ferry range is 5925 km. SR-71 at Mach 3.5. As we approached California, we started to decelerate so we would be subsonic by the time we got to the mountain range on the east side of Los Angeles. Ever since Germany began creating the first rocket-powered aircraft in the late-1920s, mankind has developed an immense infatuation with building jets capable of hitting supersonic speeds in the blink of an eye. 7070 W 105th St, Overland Park, KS. On September 13, 1974, the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird set a world speed record that remains standing today. It is the fastest aircraft propelled by air-breathing engines. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Among them, we will list out the top 10 fastest aircraft in the world in 2023: 10. There is a limit, however, to how fast a pilot can 'drive' an SR-71, and that is something called the Compressor Inlet Temperature, abbreviated CIT in the S-71 Flight Manual, specified by Lockheed at 427 degrees C. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Does The Navy Have More Planes Than The Air Force? This is from wikipedia: "On a typical SR-71 mission, the plane took of His reconnaissance systems officer was Major William C. Machorek. However, there has actually been a legitimate, jet-powered, piloted aircraft that was faster than the SR-71, the A-12 Oxcart. Needless to say, the press was there, along with a sizable crowd.. How high can an SR-71 Blackbird Fly in space? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The X-43A set the new mark and broke its own world record on its third and final flight on Nov. 16, 2004. These high-flying supersonic aircraft would carry out their worldwide mission for the next 25 years before being forced into retirement by budget cuts. It is worth noting the Air Force discontinued fly-overs of the USSR in the 1980s after the Soviets developed the MiG-31 interceptor of which they armed with a missile capable of traveling at speeds up to Mach 4.5. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". It resembles a hole burned into a piece of white mesh material, although its actually a flat, stationary image on a screen or piece of paper. At 400 feet per second, this was literally faster than a speeding rifle bullet. On December 18th 1966, the SR-71B set another record by becoming the first jet to exceed Mach 3.5. For instance, it could pick up speed when it was trying to outrun missiles, which it could do with minimal difficulty. Speed Over a Straight Course (15-25km): 2,193.167 mph SR-71A (Tail # 958 ). Answer: The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird is the fastest plane in the world (flown by man). On October 14th 1962, the SR-71A broke speed records and became the fastest man made object ever flown. The SR-71 Spy Plane In Service. The SR-71 Blackbird, created by Lockheed's "Skunk Works" experimental division, represented the pinnacle of Cold War aircraft design. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The SR-72 is expected to do a Mach 6 which is nearly twice that of the SR-71. The SR-71's official speed may have officially been Mach 3.2, but as TheAviationGeekClub reported it could fly even fast. It flew properly for the first time on September 4th 1960, reaching an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters). 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