what was the blitzkrieg weegy

Why Hitler delivered this deadly but also dangerous blow, bringing new hope to . The paralysis of command and the breakdown of morale were not made the ultimate aim of the German ground and air forces, and were only incidental by-products of the traditional maneuvers of rapid encirclement and of the supporting activities of the flying artillery of the Luftwaffe, both of which had as their purpose the physical destruction of the enemy troops. By June 1944 the Western Allies had complete control of the air over the battlefield and their fighter-bomber aircraft were very effective at attacking ground forces. C. 80 square inches [35] Implementation of higher orders remained within limits determined by the training doctrine of an elite officer-corps. After the war, the Reichswehr expanded and improved infiltration tactics. [citation needed], Although effective in quick campaigns against Poland and France, mobile operations could not be sustained by Germany in later years. German air power prevented the enemy from adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and thereby from sending reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. Nearly all discussed the use of strategic airpower, some emphasising that aspect of air warfare to the exclusion of others. J. P. Harris and Robert M. Citino point out that the Germans had always had a marked preference for short, decisive campaigns but were unable to achieve short-order victories in First World War conditions. In his 1950 book, Panzer Leader, he wrote: In this year, 1929, I became convinced that tanks working on their own or in conjunction with infantry could never achieve decisive importance. I believe the CP in Russia still publishes a paper called Pravda. Kielmansegg asserted that what many regarded as blitzkrieg was nothing more than "ad hoc solutions that simply popped out of the prevailing situation". In what region of the world did World War II begin in 1937? A frontal attack would immobilize the enemy while forces on the flanks would execute a double envelopment, forming a pocket called a Kessel (cauldron) around the enemy. Score 1 User: What was the Blitzkrieg? Between 1922 and 1928 Guderian wrote a number of articles concerning military movement. The German army, contrary to the blitzkrieg legend, was not fully motorized and had only 120,000 vehicles, compared to the 300,000 of the French Army. On 9 September, Gring as Head of the Reich Defense Council, called for complete "employment" of living and fighting power of the national economy for the duration of the war. [citation needed]. The German armies pushed on towards Amiens and then Paris, coming within 120 kilometres (75mi) before supply deficiencies and Allied reinforcements halted the advance.[30]. Blitzkrieg means "lightning war". Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will ________________. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. ncssm summer ventures; sweeney football player; tristano tgv wife Every unit in the army, from the company to the supreme command, decided on a Schwerpunkt through schwerpunktbildung, as did the support services, which meant that commanders always knew what was most important and why. Panzer Lehr, for instance, on 7 June alone lost 84 half-tracks, prime movers and self propelled guns, 40 fuel bowsers, 90 soft-skinned vehicles and five tanks as it made its way from Le Mans to Caen. Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, involved a number of breakthroughs and encirclements by motorized forces. The Reichswehr was influenced by its analysis of pre-war German military thought, in particular infiltration tactics, which at the end of the war had seen some breakthroughs on the Western Front and the maneuver warfare which dominated the Eastern Front. Blitzkrieg's impressive Neural Network AI acts like no machine before. https://www.britannica.com/topic/blitzkrieg, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - The Myth of Blitzkrieg, PBS LearningMedia - The Story of Blitzkrieg | Nazi Mega Weapons: Blitzkrieg, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - Blitzkrieg, blitzkrieg - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? [8][9] Blitzkrieg operations capitalized on surprise penetrations (e.g., the penetration of the Ardennes forest region), general enemy unreadiness and their inability to match the pace of the German attack. In World War II, German Panzer forces used motorized mobility to paralyze the opponent's ability to react. [3] The term was first used in the publications of Ferdinand Otto Miksche, first in the magazine "Army Quarterly"[e], and in his 1941 book, Blitzkrieg where he defined the concept. [94] The Red Army was to be destroyed west of the Dvina and Dnieper rivers, which were about 500 kilometres (310mi) east of the Soviet border, to be followed by a mopping-up operation. swagtron serial number. Launched in poor weather against a thinly-held Allied sector, it achieved surprise and initial success as Allied air-power was grounded due to cloud cover. Schwerpunkt has been translated as center of gravity, crucial, focal point and point of main effort. 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. During Operation Barbarossa, huge encirclements in 1941 produced nearly 3.5 million Soviet prisoners, along with masses of equipment. It was later applied to the bombing of Britain, particularly London, hence "The Blitz". It happened because the German aircraft industry lacked the experience to build a long-range bomber fleet quickly, and because Hitler was insistent on the very rapid creation of a numerically large force. AboutTranscript. These tactics met with great success in Operation Michael, the German spring offensive of 1918 and restored temporarily the war of movement, once the Allied trench system had been overrun. But blitzkrieg wasn't quite dead yet, it was successfully used against the Soviet Union in 1941 who failed to heed to many of the warnings they could have gathered from the Battle of France. greensboro country club board of directors On the Eastern Front, the war did not bog down into trench warfare; German and Russian armies fought a war of maneuver over thousands of miles, which gave the German leadership unique experience not available to the trench-bound western Allies. User: She worked really hard on the project. WINDOWPANE is the live-streaming app for sharing your life as it happens, without filters, editing, or anything fake. Weegy: In 1936, Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by moving troops into the Rhineland demilitarized zone. He developed Plan 1919 for massive, independent tank operations, which he claimed were subsequently studied by the German military. [104] In the following months, the Red Army constructed deep defensive belts along the paths of the planned German attack. Blitzkrieg is a German term for lightning war. Full participation for women in mainstream society is the stated goal of the National Organization for Women. -is what's meant by the phrase "The domesticated generations fell Weegy: A suffix is added to the end of a word to alter its meaning. Weegy: Blitzkrieg was a swift intensive military attack, using tanks supported by aircraft, designed to defeat the opposition quickly. = 2 1/4. Most academic historians regard the notion of blitzkrieg as military doctrine to be a myth. [34] Seeckt inspired a revision of Bewegungskrieg (maneuver warfare) thinking and its associated Auftragstaktik, in which the commander expressed his goals to subordinates and gave them discretion in how to achieve them; the governing principle was "the higher the authority, the more general the orders were", so it was the responsibility of the lower echelons to fill in the details. Prior to the German offensive in May, Winston Churchill had said "Thank God for the French Army". The first European general to introduce rapid movement, concentrated power and integrated military effort was Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus during the Thirty Years' War. = 45/20 [127], In the 1960s, Alan Milward developed a theory of blitzkrieg economics, that Germany could not fight a long war and chose to avoid comprehensive rearmament and armed in breadth, to win quick victories. It went bankrupt. Weegy: It went bankrupt happened to the Virginia Company once Jamestown was settled. User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. This document, which the Luftwaffe adopted, rejected Giulio Douhet's theory of terror bombing. [143], J. P. Harris wrote that most Luftwaffe leaders from Goering through the general staff believed (as did their counterparts in Britain and the United States) that strategic bombing was the chief mission of the air force and that given such a role, the Luftwaffe would win the next war and that, Nearly all lectures concerned the strategic uses of airpower; virtually none discussed tactical co-operation with the Army. This claim has been disputed by later historians. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. The demands of the war economy reduced the amount of spending in non-military sectors to satisfy the demand for the armed forces. The French had developed a light and fast-moving tank. The concept of blitzkrieg was formed by Prussian military tactics of the early 19th century, which recognized that victory could come only through forceful and swift action because of Prussias relatively limited economic resources. This is especially true if the attacking formation lacks the reserve to keep funnelling forces into the spearhead, or lacks the mobility to provide infantry, artillery and supplies into the attack. D. 896 square inches, How often were slaves freed in colonial America? Weegy: A basic position in American foreign policy has been that America must defend its foreign interests related to Weegy: 15 ? Slave state legislators had more power and what part of Congress during the 1850s. "If the tanks succeed, then victory follows", he wrote. [84], While the Wehrmacht used available models of tanks, Stuka dive-bombers and concentrated forces in the Polish campaign, the majority of the fighting involved conventional infantry and artillery warfare, and most Luftwaffe action was independent of the ground campaign. Historian James Corum criticized the German leadership for failing to understand the technical advances of the First World War, having conducted no studies of the machine gun prior to the war, and giving tank production the lowest priority during the war. The author vaguely suggests that a massive strategic air attack might hold out better prospects but the topic is not explored in detail. It is actually an opposition paper. By Guderian's account he single-handedly created the German tactical and operational methodology. Blitzkrieg tactics required the concentration of offensive weapons (such as tanks, planes, and artillery) along a narrow front. [65][66], Having achieved a breakthrough of the enemy's line, units comprising the Schwerpunkt were not supposed to become decisively engaged with enemy front line units to the right and left of the breakthrough area. Basically, the Germans would storm into an enemy territory full force and try to win the battle as quickly as possible using full force. During the Battle of France, the French made attempts to reform defensive lines along rivers but were frustrated when German forces arrived first and pressed on. Blitzkrieg relied on a military force be based around light tank units supported by planes and infantry (foot soldiers). He continued, "We believe that by attacking with tanks we can achieve a higher rate of movement than has been hitherto obtainable, andwhat is perhaps even more importantthat we can keep moving once a breakthrough has been made. View the list of all donors. The most notable attempt to use deep-penetration operations in Normandy was Operation Luttich at Mortain, which only hastened the Falaise Pocket and the destruction of German forces in Normandy. It argued that Germany must develop self-sufficiency in food, because it might again prove impossible to deal a swift knock-out to its enemies, leading to a long war. Guderian's book incorporated the work of theorists such as Ludwig Ritter von Eimannsberger, whose book, The Tank War (Der Kampfwagenkrieg) (1934) gained a wide audience in the German army. [99], In July 1943 the Wehrmacht conducted Operation Zitadelle (Citadel) against a salient at Kursk which Soviet troop heavily defended. [144], The Luftwaffe did end up with an air force consisting mainly of relatively short-range aircraft, but this does not prove that the German air force was solely interested in 'tactical' bombing. [96][97] On the ground, four German panzer groups outflanked and encircled disorganized Red Army units, while the marching infantry completed the encirclements and defeated the trapped forces. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [f] However, French doctrine in the interwar years became defense-oriented. The German generals dispersed Panzer forces among the three German concentrations with little emphasis on independent use; they deployed tanks to create or destroy close pockets of Polish forces and to seize operational-depth terrain in support of the largely un-motorized infantry which followed. [117] John Harris wrote that the Wehrmacht never used the word, and it did not appear in German army or air force field manuals; the word was coined in September 1939, by a Times newspaper reporter. where in time is carmen sandiego characters. The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to one man difference between the united states constitution and state constitutions is that state constitutions, a can be used in the senate to stop a bill from being passed, the vice president has power under the constitution but recent vice presidents have had power, what was used by federalists to help ratify the constution, which act was passed as a response to the boston tea party. Frieser wrote that the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), which was created in 1938 had intended to avoid the decisive battle concepts of its predecessors and planned for a long war of exhaustion (ermattungskrieg). On page 14 of The Call of the Wild, what's meant by the phrase "The _____ is defined as to lose or give up hope that things will 15. In Operation Dynamo some 330,000 French and British troops escaped.[90]. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. The Enigma of German Operational Theory: the Evolution of Military Thought in Germany, 19191938 (PhD 2008), Spiegel Online: The Nazi Death Machine, Hitler's Drugged Soldiers, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blitzkrieg&oldid=1142681149, Words and phrases with no direct English translation, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Articles needing additional references from December 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2021, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Raudzens, George. [68][g], Close air support was provided in the form of the dive bomber and medium bomber. At the Battle of Kursk the Red Army employed a combination of defense in great depth, extensive minefields, and tenacious defense of breakthrough shoulders. D. A method of war using motorized vehicles and aggressive movement. Cotton was the economic foundation of the Southern states in the mid-1800s. While the Nazi military strategy of blitzkrieg was wildly successful in most of Europe, it failed in both Britain and the Soviet Union. In the spring of 1940, the German army was semi-modern, in which a small number of well-equipped and "elite" divisions were offset by many second and third rate divisions". [70], The concepts associated with the term blitzkriegdeep penetrations by armor, large encirclements, and combined arms attackswere largely dependent upon terrain and weather conditions. What was Blitzkrieg and Who Created it. After all, during the disastrous campaign in Belgium and France, it had seemed as if German tanks and aircraft were . Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. However, the Luftwaffe also provided volunteers to Spain to test both tactics and aircraft in combat, including the first combat use of the Stuka. Therefore, focus was given to the development of armament in depth for a long war, instead of armament in breadth for a short war. C. a measure of gravitational force on an object. Mobile and available in significant quantity, artillery shattered as many units as any other branch of the Wehrmacht. Fuller and Sir Basil Liddell Hart providing the tactics necessary to translate the theory into action. Such was the Vernichtungsgedanke of the Polish campaign. [141], The vital industries and transportation centers that would be targeted for shutdown were valid military targets. = 15 * 3/20 Many Allied operations in the Western Desert and on the Eastern Front, relied on firepower to establish breakthroughs by fast-moving armored units. blitzkrieg, (German: "lightning war") military tactic calculated to create psychological shock and resultant disorganization in enemy forces through the employment of surprise, speed, and superiority in matriel or firepower. After the war Liddell Hart imposed his own perceptions, after the event, claiming that the mobile tank warfare practiced by the Wehrmacht was a result of his influence. User: what is the federal deposit insurance corporation due. One author commented that European military powers were increasingly making the bomber force the heart of their airpower. At first, the German Blitzkrieg seemed to succeed. Germany successfully used the Blitzkrieg tactic against. [citation needed] Additionally, units could be halted by mud (thawing along the Eastern Front regularly slowed both sides) or extreme snow. At the basis of thisthere is not only the massive use of heavy armoured divisions or cooperation between them and airplanes, but the creation of disorder in the enemy's rear by means of parachute raids. [126] Despite its later disappointments as German troops extended their lines at too great a distance, the very specter of armored Blitzkrieg forces initially proved victorious against Polish, Dutch, Belgian, and French armies early in the war. Armor commitment consisted of Panzer Battalion 88, a force built around three companies of Panzer I tanks that functioned as a training cadre for Spain's Nationalists. The Mortain counter-attack was defeated by the US 12th Army Group with little effect on its own offensive operations. Where the ability for rapid movement across "tank country" was not possible, armored penetrations often were avoided or resulted in failure. Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will ________________. [148][146], The early 1950s literature transformed blitzkrieg into a historical military doctrine, which carried the signature of Liddell Hart and Guderian. Against these 600 sorties the Luftwaffe on average flew 1,500 sorties a day. Infiltration tactics were combined with short hurricane artillery bombardments using massed artillery, devised by Colonel Georg Bruchmller. Historian H.P. What US foreign policy idea was expressed in a military manner with involvement in the Korean War? [119][120] Frieser wrote that surviving German economists and General Staff officers denied that Germany went to war with a blitzkrieg strategy. B. Spanish money funded the colonial settlement in England. It is also significant that Germany's position in the center of Europe to a large extent obviated the need to make a clear distinction between bombers suitable only for 'tactical' and those necessary for strategic purposes in the early stages of a likely future war. Once war had begun, Hitler urged his economic experts to abandon caution and expend all available resources on the war effort but the expansion plans only gradually gained momentum in 1941. [146] By manipulation and contrivance, Liddell Hart distorted the actual circumstances of the blitzkrieg formation, and he obscured its origins. WINDOWPANE is the live-streaming app for sharing your life as it happens, without filters, editing, or anything fake. = 15 ? Determined defense by US troops in places throughout the Ardennes, the lack of good roads and German supply shortages caused delays. By the end of the war, Germany found itself defeated by the strategic (Schwerpunkt) and tactical (Kesselschlacht) concepts that had initially brought it such success. How did Ralph Waldo Emerson impact American society? The following day the Allies made repeated attempts to destroy the German pontoon bridges, but German fighter aircraft, ground fire and Luftwaffe flak batteries with the panzer forces destroyed 56 percent of the attacking Allied aircraft while the bridges remained intact. WINDOWPANE is the live-streaming app for sharing your life as it happens, without filters, editing, or anything fake. The commander in chief, Hans von Seeckt, argued that there had been an excessive focus on encirclement and emphasized speed instead. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? The Manhattan Project was the top-secret project tasked with developing atomic weapons in the United States. in Land Warfare (International Perspective) with honors and a graduate certificate in German Military Studies from the American Military University. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. D. 18 in. Weegy: A basic position in American foreign policy has been that America must defend its foreign interests related to Weegy: 15 ? Addressing the faster rate at which defenders could reinforce an area than attackers could penetrate it during the First World War, Guderian wrote that "since reserve forces will now be motorized, the building up of new defensive fronts is easier than it used to be; the chances of an offensive based on the timetable of artillery and infantry co-operation are, as a result, even slighter today than they were in the last war." Guderian insisted in 1933 to the high command that every tank in the German armored force must be equipped with a radio. The Wehrmacht became overstretched: although winning operationally, it could not inflict a decisive defeat as the durability of the Soviet Union's manpower, resources, industrial base and aid from the Western Allies began to take effect. B. Challenge your tactical skills in historical campaigns and defeat powerful Neural Network AI in competitive matches. A third relatively early use of the term in German occurs in Die Deutsche Kriegsstrke (German War Strength) by Fritz Sternberg, a Jewish, Marxist, political economist and refugee from Nazi Germany, published in 1938 in Paris and in London as Germany and a Lightning War. The Germans last successful Kessel campaign was against the British paratroops at Arnhem, Netherlands, an encirclement that came to be known as the Hexenkessel (witches cauldron). User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. [15][16] Blitzkrieg as used by Germany had considerable psychological, or "terror" elements,[c] such as the Jericho Trompete, a noise-making siren on the Junkers Ju 87 dive-bomber, to affect the morale of enemy forces. Guderian argued that the tank would be the decisive weapon of the next war. Specialist light infantry (Stosstruppen, "storm troops") were to exploit weak spots to make gaps for larger infantry units to advance with heavier weapons and exploit the success, leaving isolated strong points to troops following up. As an island nation, Britain was safe from land attacks and managed to withstand and resist Nazi air assaults.

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